{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2412915239","doi":null,"title":"Observations on early school failure in Zulu children.","display_name":"Observations on early school failure in Zulu children.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-02-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2412915239","mag":"2412915239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305325"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2305325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027930152","display_name":"Frets-Van Buuren Jj","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J J Frets-Van Buuren","raw_affiliation_strings":["Madadeni Hospital, Newcastle, Natal"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Madadeni Hospital, Newcastle, Natal","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012319128","display_name":"E Letuma","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Letuma","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079162721","display_name":"G Daynes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Daynes","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.43637993,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"3","first_page":"144","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11556","display_name":"Poverty, Education, and Child Welfare","score":0.5820000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10589","display_name":"Early Childhood Education and Development","score":0.1436000019311905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.12349999696016312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-failure","display_name":"school failure","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-testing","display_name":"intelligence testing","score":0.5070000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-speed","display_name":"learning speed","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-defects","display_name":"visual defects","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hearing-disorders","display_name":"hearing disorders","score":0.9649999737739563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preschool-education","display_name":"preschool education","score":0.5920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-discipline","display_name":"classroom discipline","score":0.7639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-entry-age","display_name":"school entry age","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-anxiety","display_name":"childhood anxiety","score":0.42100000381469727}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.870272159576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778105672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10179","display_name":"Zulu","level":2,"score":0.7690927982330322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27415008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7256382","display_name":"Psychological intervention","level":2,"score":0.5463153123855591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558461103","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154430","display_name":"Anxiety","level":2,"score":0.5156396627426147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.406263530254364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3818260431289673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2345367670059204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002666","descriptor_name":"Psychology, Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004522","descriptor_name":"Educational Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005239","descriptor_name":"Fear","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009752","descriptor_name":"Nutritional Status","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014786","descriptor_name":"Vision Disorders","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2305325","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"South African medical journal = Suid-Afrikaanse tydskrif vir geneeskunde","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2412915239","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2305325","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.8278999924659729,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2156814926","https://openalex.org/W1977735045","https://openalex.org/W1483149301","https://openalex.org/W1545600426","https://openalex.org/W7005066756","https://openalex.org/W2596315234","https://openalex.org/W2022424658","https://openalex.org/W75719361","https://openalex.org/W2124615286","https://openalex.org/W2101455833"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,34],"outcome":[1],"of":[2,5,37,48,83,99,103,132],"the":[3,12,30,52,97,130,133,155],"screening":[4],"2,190":[6],"children":[7,137],"who":[8],"had":[9],"to":[10,42,45,56,127,138,154],"repeat":[11],"school":[13,94,139,156],"entry":[14],"grades":[15],"(Substandard":[16],"A)":[17],"in":[18,23,62,68,122],"25":[19],"junior":[20],"primary":[21],"schools":[22,109],"two":[24],"KwaZulu":[25],"townships":[26],"is":[27],"reported":[28],"and":[29,89,108,110,118,135],"implications":[31],"are":[32],"discussed.":[33],"high":[35],"number":[36],"repeaters":[38],"did":[39],"not":[40],"appear":[41],"be":[43,60],"due":[44],"an":[46,143],"excess":[47],"mentally":[49],"retarded":[50],"children,":[51],"percentage":[53],"being":[54],"similar":[55],"that":[57],"which":[58,124],"could":[59],"expected":[61],"such":[63],"a":[64,119],"community":[65],"world-wide.":[66],"Difficulty":[67],"intelligence":[69],"testing":[70,81],"was":[71,78],"experienced,":[72],"but":[73],"we":[74],"describe":[75],"how":[76],"this":[77],"overcome":[79],"by":[80,106,115],"speed":[82],"learning.":[84],"Visual":[85],"defects,":[86],"hearing":[87],"defects":[88],"having":[90],"no":[91],"food":[92],"before":[93],"accounted":[95],"for":[96],"failure":[98],"many":[100],"repeaters.":[101],"Lack":[102],"preschool":[104],"teaching":[105],"parents":[107],"very":[111],"strict":[112],"discipline":[113],"necessitated":[114],"large":[116],"classes":[117],"wide":[120],"range":[121],"ages,":[123],"both":[125],"led":[126],"anxiety":[128],"on":[129],"part":[131],"pupils,":[134],"sending":[136],"at":[140],"too":[141],"young":[142],"age":[144],"were":[145,152,162],"regarded":[146],"as":[147],"additional":[148],"factors.":[149],"Simple":[150],"interventions":[151],"suggested":[153],"teachers;":[157],"more":[158],"than":[159],"1,000":[160],"pupils":[161],"followed":[163],"up,":[164],"with":[165],"encouraging":[166],"results.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}