{"id":"https://openalex.org/W241029909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","title":"A Study of Probabilistic FEMs for a Slope Reliability Analysis Using the Stress Fields","display_name":"A Study of Probabilistic FEMs for a Slope Reliability Analysis Using the Stress Fields","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W241029909","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","mag":"241029909"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874149501509010196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","pdf_url":"https://opencivilengineeringjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/196/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123994187","display_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1874-1495","issn":["1874-1495"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://opencivilengineeringjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/196/PDF/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062655303","display_name":"Khaled Farah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106624","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/01fy5k372","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106624"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131288","display_name":"National Engineering School of Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03b1zjt31","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Khaled Farah","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering School of Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia","University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106624","https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050423633","display_name":"Mounir Ltifi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-7183","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-7183"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106624","display_name":"\u00c9cole Nationale d'Ing\u00e9nieurs de Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/01fy5k372","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210106624"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131288","display_name":"National Engineering School of Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03b1zjt31","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68916915","display_name":"University of Gab\u00e8s","ror":"https://ror.org/022efad20","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68916915"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Ltifi","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Engineering School of Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia","University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Engineering School of Gab\u00e8s, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106624","https://openalex.org/I68916915"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017827342","display_name":"H\u00e9di Hassis","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131288","display_name":"National Engineering School of Tunis","ror":"https://ror.org/03b1zjt31","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63596082","display_name":"Tunis El Manar University","ror":"https://ror.org/029cgt552","country_code":"TN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}],"countries":["TN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hedi Hassis","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Tunis El Manar, National Engineering School of Tunis, Civil Engineering Laboratory, 1002, Tunis, Tunisia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062655303"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106624","https://openalex.org/I4210131288","https://openalex.org/I63596082","https://openalex.org/I68916915"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9216,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77099697,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"1","first_page":"196","last_page":"206"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11046","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Analysis","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10928","display_name":"Probabilistic and Robust Engineering Design","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11375","display_name":"Geotechnical Engineering and Soil Stabilization","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slope-stability","display_name":"slope stability","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probabilistic-finite-element-method","display_name":"probabilistic finite element method","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perturbation-method","display_name":"perturbation method","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-stochastic-finite-element-method","display_name":"spectral stochastic finite element method","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-fields","display_name":"random fields","score":0.5789999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-spatial-variability","display_name":"soil spatial variability","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/safety-factor","display_name":"safety factor","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-slip-surface","display_name":"critical slip surface","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-length","display_name":"correlation length","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-simulation","display_name":"Monte Carlo simulation","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-order-reliability-method","display_name":"first-order reliability method","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-moment-analysis","display_name":"second moment analysis","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.6218535900115967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.5918179154396057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49937458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2599292","display_name":"Probabilistic logic","level":2,"score":0.5150406360626221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130402806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5361768","display_name":"Random field","level":2,"score":0.5040608644485474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197055811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207522","display_name":"Probability density function","level":2,"score":0.5034443736076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4765075743198395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103784038","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386228","display_name":"Cumulative distribution function","level":3,"score":0.46445581316947937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110069353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q961278","display_name":"Slope stability","level":2,"score":0.4522058963775635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177918212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q803623","display_name":"Perturbation (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.45016229152679443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94747663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574086","display_name":"Spatial variability","level":2,"score":0.44926851987838745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778702308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7398642","display_name":"Safety factor","level":2,"score":0.44020625948905945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.4178627133369446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24404364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7246846","display_name":"Probabilistic analysis of algorithms","level":3,"score":0.4107302129268646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.36486199498176575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187320778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1349130","display_name":"Geotechnical engineering","level":1,"score":0.2961975932121277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2829546630382538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2261064052581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08937358856201172},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874149501509010196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","pdf_url":"https://opencivilengineeringjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/196/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123994187","display_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1874-1495","issn":["1874-1495"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.944.6903","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.944.6903","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://benthamopen.com/contents/pdf/TOCIEJ/TOCIEJ-9-196.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/1n7np-6tr20","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1n7np-6tr20","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/1n7np-6tr20","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"},{"id":"doi:10.60692/fye7m-06k65","doi":"https://doi.org/10.60692/fye7m-06k65","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.60692/fye7m-06k65","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407051682","display_name":"Greater South Information System","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2174/1874149501509010196","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2174/1874149501509010196","pdf_url":"https://opencivilengineeringjournal.com/VOLUME/9/PAGE/196/PDF/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S123994187","display_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","issn_l":"1874-1495","issn":["1874-1495"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320079","host_organization_name":"Bentham Science Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Bentham Science Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Open Civil Engineering Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W241029909.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W241029909.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1538934584","https://openalex.org/W1553468009","https://openalex.org/W1965334444","https://openalex.org/W1966837944","https://openalex.org/W1970902023","https://openalex.org/W1971101489","https://openalex.org/W1973090811","https://openalex.org/W1974904935","https://openalex.org/W1991565519","https://openalex.org/W1994069683","https://openalex.org/W1995063761","https://openalex.org/W1997576274","https://openalex.org/W2001833828","https://openalex.org/W2003035369","https://openalex.org/W2004491073","https://openalex.org/W2014773637","https://openalex.org/W2019044917","https://openalex.org/W2027751236","https://openalex.org/W2028632562","https://openalex.org/W2029683393","https://openalex.org/W2056670239","https://openalex.org/W2062044838","https://openalex.org/W2062985120","https://openalex.org/W2064482775","https://openalex.org/W2075967518","https://openalex.org/W2080345115","https://openalex.org/W2083910000","https://openalex.org/W2084364530","https://openalex.org/W2106814556","https://openalex.org/W2116120504","https://openalex.org/W2159555138","https://openalex.org/W2198800828","https://openalex.org/W2286786383","https://openalex.org/W2798461040","https://openalex.org/W2998496996","https://openalex.org/W4234846558","https://openalex.org/W4248279182","https://openalex.org/W4249828262","https://openalex.org/W6653954582"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099459542","https://openalex.org/W2186984954","https://openalex.org/W2093022519","https://openalex.org/W2376588569","https://openalex.org/W4320736838","https://openalex.org/W1589403946","https://openalex.org/W2366972473","https://openalex.org/W2004491073","https://openalex.org/W2358247197","https://openalex.org/W2158783400"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,192],"this":[1],"paper,":[2],"the":[3,6,9,17,21,30,34,45,55,72,89,93,106,111,119,137,143,160,167,170,178,181,189,194,201,205,210],"applicability":[4],"and":[5,20,49,60,79,122,175,204],"effectiveness":[7],"of":[8,33,75,105,136,146,169,180,184,209,212],"probabilistic":[10,172],"finite":[11,57],"element":[12],"methods":[13,68,129,196],"(FEMs)":[14],"such":[15],"as":[16,127],"perturbation":[18,120,161],"method,":[19],"Spectral":[22],"Stochastic":[23],"Finite":[24],"Element":[25],"Method":[26,64],"(SSFEM)":[27],"applied":[28],"to":[29,87,130,165,176,199],"reliability":[31,94],"analysis":[32,95,135],"slope":[35,138],"stability":[36,139],"have":[37],"been":[38],"studied.":[39],"The":[40,82,114],"results":[41,151],"were":[42],"checked":[43],"by":[44],"Monte":[46],"Carlo":[47],"simulation":[48],"a":[50,99,132],"direct":[51],"coupling":[52],"ap-proach":[53],"combining":[54],"deterministic":[56],"elements":[58],"code":[59],"First":[61],"Order":[62],"Reliability":[63],"(FORM)":[65],"algorithm.":[66],"These":[67],"are":[69,152,197],"presented":[70],"considering":[71],"spatial":[73,90,144],"variation":[74],"soil":[76,147,185],"strength":[77,186],"parameters":[78,187],"Young":[80],"modulus.":[81],"random":[83],"field":[84],"is":[85,96,163],"used":[86,198],"describe":[88],"variation.":[91],"Also,":[92],"conducted":[97],"using":[98],"performance":[100],"function":[101,208],"formulat-ed":[102],"in":[103],"terms":[104],"stochastic":[107],"stress":[108],"mobilized":[109],"along":[110],"sliding":[112,173],"surface.":[113],"present":[115],"study":[116],"shows":[117],"that":[118],"method":[121,162],"SSFEM":[123],"can":[124],"be":[125],"considered":[126],"practical":[128],"conduct":[131],"second":[133],"moment":[134],"taking":[140],"into":[141],"account":[142],"variability":[145],"properties":[148],"since":[149],"good":[150],"obtained":[153],"with":[154],"acceptable":[155],"estimated":[156],"rela-tive":[157],"errors.":[158],"Finally,":[159],"performed":[164],"delimit":[166],"location":[168],"critical":[171],"surfac-es":[174],"evaluate":[177],"effect":[179],"correlation":[182],"length":[183],"on":[188],"safety":[190],"factor.":[191],"addition,":[193],"two":[195],"estimate":[200],"probability":[202],"density":[203],"cumulative":[206],"distribution":[207],"factor":[211],"safety.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}