{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2409628906","doi":null,"title":"Estimation of nickel and chromium in saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.","display_name":"Estimation of nickel and chromium in saliva of patients with fixed orthodontic appliances.","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2409628906","mag":"2409628906","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18834002"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:18834002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18834002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World journal of orthodontics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103683119","display_name":"Devinder Preet Singh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163719","display_name":"D.A.V Centenary Dental College","ror":"https://ror.org/0559vb332","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163719"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Devinder Preet Singh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Orthodontics, DAV (C) Dental College, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Orthodontics, DAV (C) Dental College, Yamunanagar, Haryana, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163719"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040327231","display_name":"Vikas Sehgal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vikas Sehgal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112976337","display_name":"Kusum Lata Pradhan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kusum Lata Pradhan","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023416043","display_name":"Anil Kumar Chandna","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-0547","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7109-0547"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anil Chandna","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053195561","display_name":"Rajiv Gupta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-0872","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7196-0872"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rajiv Gupta","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0587,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92438616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"3","first_page":"196","last_page":"202"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8208000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10356","display_name":"Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics","score":0.8208000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3505","display_name":"Orthodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10790","display_name":"Heavy Metal Exposure and Toxicity","score":0.06159999966621399,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11033","display_name":"Contact Dermatitis and Allergies","score":0.013799999840557575,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fixed-orthodontic-appliances","display_name":"fixed orthodontic appliances","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthodontic-treatment","display_name":"orthodontic treatment","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metal-exposure","display_name":"metal exposure","score":0.515999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stimulated-saliva","display_name":"stimulated saliva","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heavy-metal-concentrations","display_name":"heavy metal content","score":0.3319999873638153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C511782168","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q725","display_name":"Chromium","level":2,"score":0.6769461631774902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504460877","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q155925","display_name":"Saliva","level":2,"score":0.6718001365661621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.6421338319778442},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5984171628952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206041023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751970","display_name":"Wilcoxon signed-rank test","level":3,"score":0.45537054538726807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504270822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q744","display_name":"Nickel","level":2,"score":0.44204437732696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12868164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1424533","display_name":"Mann\u2013Whitney U test","level":2,"score":0.3197682797908783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.1936381757259369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.1628309190273285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.15917637944221497}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002857","descriptor_name":"Chromium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002858","descriptor_name":"Chromium Alloys","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002858","descriptor_name":"Chromium Alloys","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003343","descriptor_name":"Corrosion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008137","descriptor_name":"Longitudinal Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009532","descriptor_name":"Nickel","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009532","descriptor_name":"Nickel","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009971","descriptor_name":"Orthodontics, Corrective","qualifier_ui":"Q000295","qualifier_name":"instrumentation","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012016","descriptor_name":"Reference Values","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012463","descriptor_name":"Saliva","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013054","descriptor_name":"Spectrophotometry, Atomic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016910","descriptor_name":"Orthodontic Brackets","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018709","descriptor_name":"Statistics, Nonparametric","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:18834002","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18834002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"World journal of orthodontics","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2409628906","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18834002","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9476000070571899}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134401843","https://openalex.org/W2032839881","https://openalex.org/W1997693531","https://openalex.org/W2102458806","https://openalex.org/W1971679238","https://openalex.org/W7216962445","https://openalex.org/W7217302193","https://openalex.org/W7108202867","https://openalex.org/W2237474999","https://openalex.org/W4293233396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"AIM:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"whether":[3],"orthodontic":[4,26,56,140,184,230,250],"treatment":[5,27],"induces":[6],"an":[7],"increase":[8],"in":[9,30,116,130,167,242],"salivary":[10,78,168,199,219],"nickel":[11,79,103,169,190,200,220],"and":[12,21,80,90,104,112,136,152,170,174,177,191,201,221],"chromium":[13,81,105,171,192,202,222],"concentration.":[14],"METHODS:":[15],"Ten":[16],"new":[17],"patients":[18],"(7":[19],"females":[20],"3":[22,91,178,206],"males)":[23],"beginning":[24],"fixed":[25,69,183,229,249],"were":[28,52,100,144,193,211],"included":[29],"the":[31,37,62,68,88,96,108,125,147,238,243],"study.":[32],"The":[33,118,186,198,218],"mean":[34],"age":[35],"of":[36,49,61,67,87,95,128,132,139,182,189,228,248],"sample":[38],"was":[39,121,162],"17.5":[40],"years":[41],"(range":[42],"14":[43],"to":[44,123,234],"24":[45],"years).":[46],"Three":[47],"samples":[48,99],"stimulated":[50],"saliva":[51],"collected":[53],"from":[54],"each":[55,60,133],"patient,":[57],"1":[58,83,175,196],"at":[59],"following":[63],"times:":[64],"before":[65,135,173],"insertion":[66,86,94,138,181,209,227],"appliance":[70],"(which":[71],"served":[72],"as":[73,232],"a":[74,163],"baseline/reference":[75],"level":[76],"for":[77,102],"content),":[82],"week":[84,176,245],"after":[85,93,137,180,195,208,226,246],"appliance,":[89],"weeks":[92,179,207],"appliance.":[97],"These":[98],"analyzed":[101],"content":[106],"using":[107,146],"atomic":[109],"absorption":[110],"spectrometer":[111],"their":[113],"values":[114],"recorded":[115],"ng/mL.":[117],"Friedman":[119],"test":[120,124,151],"used":[122],"statistical":[126],"significance":[127],"differences":[129],"concentrations":[131,172,188,203,223],"metal":[134],"appliances.":[141,185,251],"Post-hoc":[142],"comparisons":[143],"performed":[145],"Wilcoxon":[148],"signed":[149],"rank":[150],"Mann-Whitney":[153],"U":[154],"test.":[155],"RESULTS:":[156],"This":[157],"study":[158],"showed":[159],"that":[160],"there":[161],"statistically":[164],"significant":[165],"difference":[166],"highest":[187],"found":[194],"week.":[197],"tapered":[204],"off":[205],"but":[210],"significantly":[212,224],"higher":[213],"than":[214],"baseline":[215,235],"levels.":[216],"CONCLUSION:":[217],"increased":[225],"appliances":[231],"compared":[233],"levels,":[236],"with":[237],"maximum":[239],"concentration":[240],"seen":[241],"first":[244],"placement":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}