{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2409295149","doi":null,"title":"Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among healthcare workers during an influenza pandemic.","display_name":"Cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine among healthcare workers during an influenza pandemic.","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2409295149","mag":"2409295149","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225915","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2918289"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:20225915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2918289/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020805128","display_name":"Kenneth J. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-566X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8088-566X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Section of Decision Sciences and Clinical Systems Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. smithkj2@upmc.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Section of Decision Sciences and Clinical Systems Modeling, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA. smithkj2@upmc.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024912293","display_name":"Mahlon Raymund","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahlon Raymund","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067426689","display_name":"Mary Patricia Nowalk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-2690","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1702-2690"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mary Patricia Nowalk","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043740961","display_name":"Mark S. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-0425","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8277-0425"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mark S Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022713628","display_name":"Richard Kent Zimmerman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6092","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5941-6092"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard K Zimmerman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8355,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72213998,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"3","first_page":"200","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.9272000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10804","display_name":"Health Systems, Economic Evaluations, Quality of Life","score":0.06199999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10873","display_name":"Bacterial Infections and Vaccines","score":0.0031999999191612005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2404","display_name":"Microbiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-polysaccharide-vaccine","display_name":"pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/healthcare-workers","display_name":"healthcare workers","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pandemic-influenza","display_name":"pandemic influenza","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-effectiveness","display_name":"cost-effectiveness","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/invasive-pneumococcal-disease","display_name":"invasive pneumococcal disease","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-vaccination","display_name":"occupational vaccination","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-adjusted-life-years","display_name":"quality-adjusted life years","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospital-perspective","display_name":"hospital perspective","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/societal-perspective","display_name":"societal perspective","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-absence","display_name":"employee absence","score":0.5559999942779541}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9403469562530518},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89623803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12184","display_name":"Pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6918412446975708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019926118","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2723958","display_name":"Influenza pandemic","level":5,"score":0.6708601713180542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020803494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2712836","display_name":"Pneumococcal disease","level":4,"score":0.5590986609458923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779664119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2100023","display_name":"Pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine","level":5,"score":0.5423790216445923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776152631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4366062","display_name":"Pneumococcal infections","level":4,"score":0.5314145684242249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.525382399559021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780689484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383260","display_name":"Influenza vaccine","level":3,"score":0.5178768634796143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779301066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14538008","display_name":"Pneumococcal vaccine","level":4,"score":0.4445202648639679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.39817240834236145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3847882151603699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.3771279454231262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3008058167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q84263196","display_name":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)","level":4,"score":0.3599545359611511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781253189","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221179","display_name":"Streptococcus pneumoniae","level":3,"score":0.2867589294910431},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.240180104970932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89423630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7193","display_name":"Microbiology","level":1,"score":0.22902897000312805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16369855403900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C524204448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q788926","display_name":"Infectious disease (medical specialty)","level":3,"score":0.08598700165748596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.08521762490272522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C501593827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12187","display_name":"Antibiotics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003362","descriptor_name":"Cost-Benefit Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004196","descriptor_name":"Disease Outbreaks","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006282","descriptor_name":"Health Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008390","descriptor_name":"Markov Chains","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011008","descriptor_name":"Pneumococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011008","descriptor_name":"Pneumococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011008","descriptor_name":"Pneumococcal Infections","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015994","descriptor_name":"Incidence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017589","descriptor_name":"Immunization Programs","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019057","descriptor_name":"Quality-Adjusted Life Years","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022242","descriptor_name":"Pneumococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D022242","descriptor_name":"Pneumococcal Vaccines","qualifier_ui":"Q000191","qualifier_name":"economics","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:20225915","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of managed care","raw_type":"Comparative Study"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2918289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2918289/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Manag Care","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2409295149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/20225915","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2918289","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2918289/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Am J Manag Care","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5450686740","display_name":"Alternative Strategies for Adult Pneumococcal Vaccination","funder_award_id":"R01AI076256","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5664278136","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh Clinical and Translational Science Institute","funder_award_id":"UL1TR000005","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","funder_display_name":"National Institutes of Health"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337355","display_name":"National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/043z4tv69"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9905366","https://openalex.org/W15403295","https://openalex.org/W1859092351","https://openalex.org/W1998551984","https://openalex.org/W2000129666","https://openalex.org/W2019557152","https://openalex.org/W2062916989","https://openalex.org/W2075856719","https://openalex.org/W2076120448","https://openalex.org/W2078615887","https://openalex.org/W2102952170","https://openalex.org/W2134047636","https://openalex.org/W2134925546","https://openalex.org/W2159354934","https://openalex.org/W2167944937","https://openalex.org/W2342228817","https://openalex.org/W2423113308","https://openalex.org/W4252400140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3163489499","https://openalex.org/W2002387806","https://openalex.org/W4210684330","https://openalex.org/W2112075440","https://openalex.org/W1890446573","https://openalex.org/W2418311297","https://openalex.org/W1966523134","https://openalex.org/W2119906643","https://openalex.org/W4249499066","https://openalex.org/W2026969590"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"assess":[2],"the":[3,32,55,65,149,198,206],"usefulness":[4],"and":[5,75,102],"cost-effectiveness":[6,33],"of":[7,18,34,71,110,122,213],"pneumococcal":[8,47,83,184],"polysaccharide":[9],"vaccine":[10],"(PPV)":[11],"among":[12],"healthcare":[13,39,87,123,153,179],"workers":[14,40,124,154,180],"compared":[15],"with":[16],"nonuse":[17],"PPV":[19,35,103,121,202,215],"during":[20,41,68,125,186],"an":[21,42,126,165],"influenza":[22,43,127,189],"pandemic.":[23,44],"STUDY":[24],"DESIGN:":[25],"Markov":[26],"modeling":[27],"was":[28,155],"used":[29],"to":[30,89,141,181,193],"estimate":[31],"in":[36,143],"previously":[37],"unvaccinated":[38],"METHODS:":[45],"Invasive":[46],"disease":[48,84,185],"(IPD)":[49],"incidence":[50],"rates":[51],"were":[52,78,81,139],"incorporated":[53],"into":[54],"model,":[56],"which":[57,111,209],"assumed":[58],"that":[59,82,168],"IPD":[60,95,166],"events":[61],"occurred":[62,97],"at":[63],"twice":[64],"usual":[66],"rate":[67],"a":[69,118,187,214],"year":[70],"pandemic":[72,128,188],"influenza.":[73],"Societal":[74],"hospital":[76,150,207],"perspectives":[77],"examined.":[79],"Assumptions":[80],"transmission":[85],"from":[86,148,197,205],"worker":[88],"patient":[90],"did":[91,104],"not":[92,105],"occur,":[93],"heightened":[94],"risk":[96,167],"for":[98],"only":[99],"1":[100],"year,":[101],"prevent":[106,211],"noninvasive":[107],"pneumonia,":[108],"all":[109,178],"potentially":[112],"bias":[113],"against":[114,183],"vaccination.":[115],"RESULTS:":[116],"From":[117],"societal":[119,199],"standpoint,":[120],"is":[129,191,203,219],"economically":[130,195],"reasonable,":[131],"costing":[132,157],"$2935":[133],"per":[134,159],"quality-adjusted":[135],"life-year":[136],"gained;":[137],"results":[138],"robust":[140],"variation":[142],"multiple":[144],"sensitivity":[145],"analyses.":[146],"However,":[147,201],"perspective,":[151,208],"vaccinating":[152],"expensive,":[156],"$1676":[158],"employee":[160],"absence":[161],"day":[162],"avoided,":[163],"given":[164],"(although":[169],"increased)":[170],"would":[171],"remain":[172],"less":[173],"than":[174],"1%.":[175],"CONCLUSIONS:":[176],"Vaccinating":[177],"protect":[182],"outbreak":[190],"likely":[192],"be":[194],"reasonable":[196],"standpoint.":[200],"expensive":[204],"might":[210],"implementation":[212],"program":[216],"unless":[217],"it":[218],"externally":[220],"subsidized.":[221]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}