{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2407970296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","title":"Screening, diagnosis, and management of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications","display_name":"Screening, diagnosis, and management of diabetes mellitus and diabetes-associated complications","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2407970296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","mag":"2407970296","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10667077"},"language":"de","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179773","display_name":"Therapeutische Umschau","issn_l":"0040-5930","issn":["0040-5930","1664-2864"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutische Umschau","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108402001","display_name":"H. Lehmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abteilung Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Departement f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Universit\u00e4tsspital Z\u00fcrich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abteilung Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Departement f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Universit\u00e4tsspital Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5096805679","display_name":"Spinas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100468","display_name":"University Hospital Zurich","ror":"https://ror.org/01462r250","country_code":"CH","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Spinas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Abteilung Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Departement f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Universit\u00e4tsspital Z\u00fcrich"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Abteilung Endokrinologie und Diabetologie, Departement f\u00fcr Innere Medizin, Universit\u00e4tsspital Z\u00fcrich","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100468"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.3215943,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"57","issue":"1","first_page":"12","last_page":"21"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10560","display_name":"Diabetes Management and Research","score":0.9223999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10401","display_name":"Diabetes Treatment and Management","score":0.050700001418590546,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10027","display_name":"Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins","score":0.01810000091791153,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"diabetes mellitus","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-screening","display_name":"diabetes screening","score":0.7630000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-diagnosis","display_name":"diabetes diagnosis","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ada-diagnostic-criteria","display_name":"ADA diagnostic criteria","score":0.703000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fasting-blood-glucose","display_name":"fasting blood glucose","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-glucose-tolerance-test","display_name":"oral glucose tolerance test","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c","display_name":"HbA1c","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-1-diabetes","display_name":"type 1 diabetes","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/type-2-diabetes","display_name":"type 2 diabetes","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gestational-diabetes-mellitus","display_name":"gestational diabetes mellitus","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetes-complications","display_name":"diabetes complications","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diabetic-nephropathy","display_name":"diabetic nephropathy","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cardiovascular-complications","display_name":"cardiovascular complications","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glycemic-control","display_name":"glycemic control","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hba1c-targets","display_name":"HbA1c targets","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blood-pressure-targets","display_name":"blood pressure targets","score":0.7860000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multifactorial-intervention","display_name":"multifactorial intervention","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ukpds","display_name":"UKPDS","score":0.7620000243186951}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9026992321014404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555293320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"Diabetes mellitus","level":2,"score":0.8741636276245117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779434492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126691","display_name":"Gestational diabetes","level":4,"score":0.6077097654342651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156318","display_name":"Etiology","level":2,"score":0.6060852408409119},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779306644","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2002370","display_name":"Insulin","level":2,"score":0.5006394386291504},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.49322932958602905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.47554752230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780920962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12206","display_name":"United Kingdom Prospective Diabetes Study","level":4,"score":0.4335162937641144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.4267060160636902},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777180221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3025883","display_name":"Type 2 diabetes","level":3,"score":0.41200676560401917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187212893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q123028","display_name":"Pediatrics","level":1,"score":0.35108619928359985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.33509689569473267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.21491581201553345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46973012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28627","display_name":"Gestation","level":3,"score":0.12612199783325195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003922","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003924","descriptor_name":"Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005951","descriptor_name":"Glucose Tolerance Test","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006442","descriptor_name":"Glycated Hemoglobin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008403","descriptor_name":"Mass Screening","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012307","descriptor_name":"Risk Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016640","descriptor_name":"Diabetes, Gestational","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016640","descriptor_name":"Diabetes, Gestational","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016640","descriptor_name":"Diabetes, Gestational","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1024/0040-5930.57.1.12","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210179773","display_name":"Therapeutische Umschau","issn_l":"0040-5930","issn":["0040-5930","1664-2864"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319871","host_organization_name":"Hogrefe Verlag","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319871"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hogrefe Verlag"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutische Umschau","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10667077","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10667077","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Therapeutische Umschau. Revue therapeutique","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2117208332","https://openalex.org/W2134293572","https://openalex.org/W4234456581","https://openalex.org/W2015316521","https://openalex.org/W176535492","https://openalex.org/W3145695810","https://openalex.org/W1966563232","https://openalex.org/W2401637232","https://openalex.org/W7096079788","https://openalex.org/W6961152920"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Diabetes":[0,17,121,131,210],"mellitus":[1],"comprises":[2],"a":[3,105,428,454],"group":[4],"of":[5,28,50,65,88,94,118,126,135,165,190,205,239,248,277,297,302,322,361,365,387,456],"metabolic":[6],"disturbances":[7],"that":[8,178,232,416],"are":[9,83,252,392],"characterized":[10],"by":[11,35,356],"hyperglycemia.":[12],"In":[13,413],"1997":[14],"the":[15,24,38,41,43,48,51,63,66,70,86,116,119,146,151,200,218,229,237,245,275,278,320,332,414,446],"American":[16],"Association":[18],"(ADA)":[19],"proposed":[20],"new":[21,111],"criteria":[22,39],"for":[23,56,161,261,336,396,440],"diagnosis":[25,143,164],"and":[26,58,68,137,142,163,199,212,217,256,267,280,306,363,370,398],"classification":[27,112],"diabetes":[29,89,166,266,313,341,382,441],"mellitus,":[30,132],"which":[31],"was":[32,176],"also":[33],"adopted":[34],"WHO.":[36],"Although":[37],"is":[40,113,122,158,435],"same,":[42],"ADA":[44],"puts":[45],"emphasis":[46],"on":[47,107,115,274],"use":[49,64],"fasting":[52],"plasma":[53],"glucose":[54,369],"(FPG)":[55],"screening":[57,141,162],"diagnosis,":[59],"whereas":[60],"WHO":[61],"maintains":[62],"OGTT":[67,75,152],"recommends":[69],"FPG":[71,144],"only":[72],"if":[73,445],"an":[74,98,385],"can":[76,153,419,449],"not":[77,159,254,420,450],"be":[78,154,259,270,288,348,353,374,405,421,425,443,451],"performed.":[79],"Different":[80],"pathogenetic":[81],"processes":[82],"involved":[84],"in":[85,97,194,262,308,342,376],"development":[87],"ranging":[90],"from":[91],"autoimmune":[92],"destruction":[93],"beta-cells":[95],"resulting":[96],"absolute":[99],"insulin":[100,103,108],"deficiency":[101],"to":[102,244,258,269,317,358,384,409],"with":[104,265,292,310,338,379,431],"defect":[106],"secretion.":[109],"The":[110,203],"based":[114,284],"etiology":[117],"disease.":[120],"classified":[123],"into":[124],"one":[125],"four":[127],"categories:":[128],"Type-1,":[129],"type-2":[130],"specific":[133],"forms":[134],"diabetes,":[136],"gestational":[138],"diabetes.":[139],"For":[140,171],"or":[145,188,235,326],"two":[147,206],"hour":[148],"value":[149],"after":[150],"used.":[155],"Glycosylated":[156],"hemoglobin":[157],"suitable":[160],"despite":[167],"some":[168],"contradictory":[169],"statements.":[170],"many":[172,432],"decades":[173],"clear":[174],"evidence":[175,283],"missing":[177],"chronic":[179],"hyperglycemia":[180],"caused":[181],"diabetic":[182,324],"late":[183,241],"complications;":[184],"complications":[185,250,328],"including":[186],"dysfunction":[187],"failure":[189],"several":[191],"organ":[192],"systems,":[193],"particular":[195],"eyes,":[196],"kidneys,":[197],"nerves,":[198],"cardiovascular":[201,327],"system.":[202],"results":[204,276],"large":[207],"prospective":[208],"trials--the":[209],"Control":[211],"Complications":[213],"Trial":[214],"(DCCT;":[215],"1993)":[216],"United":[219],"Kingdom":[220],"Prospective":[221],"Study":[222],"(UKPDS;":[223],"1998)--that":[224],"were":[225],"recently":[226],"published":[227],"provided":[228],"final":[230],"proof":[231],"normoglycemia":[233],"prevents":[234],"delays":[236],"progression":[238],"these":[240,249],"complications.":[242],"Due":[243],"insidious":[246],"nature":[247],"they":[251],"often":[253],"diagnosed":[255],"have":[257,268,314],"looked":[260],"each":[263],"patients":[264,309,337,378],"controlled":[271],"regularly.":[272],"Based":[273],"UKPDS":[279],"other":[281],"studies,":[282],"therapeutic":[285,417,447],"goals":[286,403,418,448],"could":[287],"defined.":[289],"Multifactorial":[290],"interventions":[291],"increased":[293],"physical":[294],"activity,":[295],"cessation":[296],"smoking,":[298],"aspirin":[299],"treatment,":[300],"lowering":[301],"HbA1c,":[303],"blood":[304,371,399],"pressure,":[305],"lipids":[307],"type":[311,339,380],"2":[312,340,381],"been":[315],"proven":[316],"drastically":[318],"reduce":[319],"risk":[321],"developing":[323],"nephropathy":[325],"drastically.":[329],"We":[330],"recommend":[331],"following":[333],"treatment":[334,362,423],"strategy":[335],"clinical":[343],"practice:":[344],"1)":[345],"Treatment":[346,351],"should":[347,352,373,404,424,442],"individualized.":[349],"2)":[350],"started":[354],"step":[355,357],"document":[359],"efficacy":[360],"compliance":[364],"patients.":[366],"3)":[367],"Plasma":[368],"pressure":[372],"normalized":[375],"all":[377],"(up":[383],"age":[386],"70":[388],"years),":[389],"since":[390],"there":[391],"no":[393],"threshold":[394],"values":[395],"HbA1c":[397],"pressure.":[400],"4)":[401],"Therapeutic":[402],"checked":[406],"every":[407],"three":[408],"six":[410,457],"months.":[411,458],"5)":[412],"case":[415],"met,":[422],"intensified.":[426],"Often":[427],"combination":[429],"therapy":[430],"different":[433],"drugs":[434],"required.":[436],"6)":[437],"A":[438],"specialist":[439],"consulted,":[444],"met":[452],"over":[453],"period":[455]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}