{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2407023819","doi":null,"title":"Assessing the Use of Food Waste Biochar as a Biodynamic Plant Fertilizer","display_name":"Assessing the Use of Food Waste Biochar as a Biodynamic Plant Fertilizer","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-09-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2407023819","mag":"2407023819"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.hamline.edu:dhp-1058","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196845","display_name":"Digital Commons - Hamline (Hamline University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I911846574","host_organization_name":"Hamline University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088584114","display_name":"Rachel Mazac","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6984","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6984"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I911846574","display_name":"Hamline University","ror":"https://ror.org/01bcdmq48","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rachel Mazac","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hamline University,"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0287-6984","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hamline University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088584114"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.04651674,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.4503999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10004","display_name":"Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics","score":0.4503999948501587,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10088","display_name":"Thermochemical Biomass Conversion Processes","score":0.4088999927043915,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2103","display_name":"Fuel Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.04259999841451645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis","display_name":"pyrolysis","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tomato-growth","display_name":"tomato growth","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-germination","display_name":"plant germination","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyrolysis-time","display_name":"pyrolysis time","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-amendment","display_name":"soil amendment","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/plant-growth-rate","display_name":"plant growth rate","score":0.40299999713897705}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56085101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905495","display_name":"Biochar","level":3,"score":0.9936783909797668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526406351","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177463","display_name":"Charcoal","level":2,"score":0.781539797782898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36759035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176848","display_name":"Pyrolysis","level":2,"score":0.7272028923034668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.5804298520088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100701293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193838","display_name":"Germination","level":2,"score":0.5761454105377197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32198211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165044","display_name":"Greenhouse","level":2,"score":0.502377986907959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.44763052463531494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4431092441082001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.43825969099998474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4139585494995117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777499484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18919","display_name":"Food waste","level":2,"score":0.4131869375705719},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528095902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2283886","display_name":"Pulp and paper industry","level":1,"score":0.3559795320034027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.3501631021499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.3359714150428772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1615334153175354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.hamline.edu:dhp-1058","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196845","display_name":"Digital Commons - Hamline (Hamline University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I911846574","host_organization_name":"Hamline University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2407023819","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1058&context=dhp","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306498079","display_name":"2016 NCUR","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2016 NCUR","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.hamline.edu:dhp-1058","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.hamline.edu/dhp/43","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196845","display_name":"Digital Commons - Hamline (Hamline University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I911846574","host_organization_name":"Hamline University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I911846574"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Departmental Honors Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"display_name":"Responsible consumption and production","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/12"},{"score":0.9208999872207642,"display_name":"Zero hunger","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320317271","display_name":"Hamline University","ror":"https://ror.org/01bcdmq48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2407023819.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2407023819.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1975491333","https://openalex.org/W1982374891","https://openalex.org/W1984216839","https://openalex.org/W1984787867","https://openalex.org/W1986480243","https://openalex.org/W2003802036","https://openalex.org/W2013492706","https://openalex.org/W2029828344","https://openalex.org/W2037063633","https://openalex.org/W2052795123","https://openalex.org/W2053491738","https://openalex.org/W2064892456","https://openalex.org/W2078562953","https://openalex.org/W2083918445","https://openalex.org/W2092433581","https://openalex.org/W2110726804","https://openalex.org/W2110934367","https://openalex.org/W2122312969","https://openalex.org/W2133307629","https://openalex.org/W2148107456","https://openalex.org/W2148583852","https://openalex.org/W2153034911","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W2650367466","https://openalex.org/W3147168030","https://openalex.org/W4248887245"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127082461","https://openalex.org/W4404525284","https://openalex.org/W3121675571","https://openalex.org/W4387051073","https://openalex.org/W2024443425","https://openalex.org/W2980214744","https://openalex.org/W2905858589","https://openalex.org/W2807669058","https://openalex.org/W3115405378","https://openalex.org/W4312998807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Biochar":[0],"is":[1],"a":[2,17,82,93,178],"charcoal-like":[3],"substance":[4],"produced":[5],"from":[6,81],"plant":[7,43,244,277,290],"material":[8,239],"such":[9],"as":[10],"food":[11,14,58,78,236,286],"waste.":[12],"Converting":[13],"waste":[15,59,79,237,287],"into":[16],"useful":[18],"product":[19],"would":[20],"mitigate":[21],"environmental":[22],"damage":[23],"through":[24],"reduced":[25,28],"landfill":[26],"inputs,":[27],"greenhouse":[29],"gas":[30],"production,":[31],"and":[32,45,61,132,165,184,190,235,263,292],"increased":[33],"benefits":[34],"to":[35,223,270,274],"soils.":[36],"I":[37],"asked":[38],"(1)":[39],"if":[40,47],"biochar":[41,51,64,72,120,125,200,212,247],"improved":[42],"growth":[44,157,192,220,264,291],"(2)":[46],"the":[48,117,130,152,199],"effects":[49,242,259,283],"of":[50,56,71,284,296],"varied":[52],"among":[53,151],"different":[54,63,285],"samples":[55],"mixed":[57],"(batches)":[60],"between":[62,181],"preparation":[65],"times":[66],"(treatments).":[67],"Four":[68],"independent":[69],"batches":[70,195,208],"were":[73,112,160],"prepared":[74],"with":[75,116,123],"assorted,":[76],"uncooked":[77],"collected":[80],"university":[83],"dining":[84],"facility.":[85],"Each":[86],"batch":[87,185],"was":[88,177,205,213],"dried":[89],"then":[90],"placed":[91],"in":[92,114,163,170,227,276],"covered":[94],"ceramic":[95],"pot":[96],"at":[97,144,229,255],"260\u2103":[98],"for":[99,186,202],"3":[100,131,164,203],"or":[101,122],"6":[102,133,166],"hours":[103,204],"under":[104],"low":[105],"oxygen":[106],"(pyrolysis).":[107],"Tomato":[108],"plants":[109,269],"(Solanum":[110],"lycopersicum)":[111],"grown":[113],"soils":[115],"eight":[118],"batch-treatment":[119],"combinations":[121],"no":[124,224,249],"(controls).":[126],"Averaging":[127],"over":[128],"batches,":[129],"hour":[134,167,211],"treatments":[135,168],"germinated":[136,196],"significantly":[137,150,161],"later":[138,217],"than":[139,169],"controls.":[140,171],"Aboveground":[141],"dry":[142,253],"mass":[143,254],"30":[145,230,256],"days":[146],"did":[147],"not":[148],"differ":[149],"three":[153],"treatments.":[154],"Mean":[155],"height":[156,191],"rates":[158],"(mm/day)":[159],"higher":[162],"Considering":[172],"only":[173],"biochar-treated":[174],"plants,":[175],"there":[176],"significant":[179,225],"interaction":[180],"pyrolysis":[182,233],"time":[183,189,234,262],"both":[187],"germination":[188,261],"rate.":[193],"Some":[194],"earlier":[197],"when":[198,209],"pyrolyzed":[201],"added,":[206],"other":[207],"six":[210],"added.":[214],"Plants":[215],"emerging":[216],"had":[218,240,248],"faster":[219],"rates,":[221],"leading":[222],"difference":[226],"size":[228],"days.":[231],"Both":[232],"source":[238,297],"varying":[241],"on":[243,251,260,289],"growth.":[245],"While":[246],"effect":[250],"mean":[252],"days,":[257],"complex":[258],"rate":[265],"suggest":[266],"that":[267],"growing":[268],"maturity":[271],"may":[272],"lead":[273],"differences":[275],"size.":[278],"Future":[279],"studies":[280],"should":[281],"investigate":[282],"types":[288],"assess":[293],"nutrient":[294],"content":[295],"material.":[298]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
