{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2406089394","doi":null,"title":"Who's getting shots and who's not: racial/ethnic disparities in immunization coverage.","display_name":"Who's getting shots and who's not: racial/ethnic disparities in immunization coverage.","publication_year":2005,"publication_date":"2005-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2406089394","mag":"2406089394","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15945359"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:15945359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15945359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065838396","display_name":"PASCALE M. WORTLEY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1289490764","display_name":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention","ror":"https://ror.org/042twtr12","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19085752","display_name":"National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/05je2tx78","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I19085752","https://openalex.org/I4210109567"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pascale Wortley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Health Services Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. pmw1@cdc.gov","Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Health Services Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Health Services Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA. pmw1@cdc.gov","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I19085752"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Immunization Program, Health Services Branch, Atlanta, Georgia 30333, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I19085752"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5065838396"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1289490764","https://openalex.org/I19085752"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.7097,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77461173,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"2 Suppl 3","first_page":"S3","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10833","display_name":"Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10654","display_name":"Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/racial-and-ethnic-disparities","display_name":"racial and ethnic disparities","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccination-coverage","display_name":"vaccination coverage","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/influenza-vaccination","display_name":"influenza vaccination","score":0.9559999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pneumococcal-vaccination","display_name":"pneumococcal vaccination","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/older-adults","display_name":"older adults","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-hispanic-blacks","display_name":"non-Hispanic blacks","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hispanic-americans","display_name":"Hispanic Americans","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-disparities","display_name":"health disparities","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-health-interview-survey","display_name":"National Health Interview Survey","score":0.8379999995231628}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137403100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41710","display_name":"Ethnic group","level":2,"score":0.8718396425247192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22070199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192995","display_name":"Vaccination","level":2,"score":0.7461637258529663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6770302057266235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1415366","display_name":"Immunization","level":3,"score":0.5813966393470764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780128664","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6973004","display_name":"National Health Interview Survey","level":3,"score":0.5485308170318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.5119708776473999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.45337507128715515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.43761342763900757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2250968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1512929","display_name":"Health equity","level":3,"score":0.41532304883003235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.36256951093673706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.2555522620677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.2535410523414612},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.17390620708465576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.13167178630828857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10775101184844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.06582525372505188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.06473660469055176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005006","descriptor_name":"Ethnicity","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006630","descriptor_name":"Hispanic or Latino","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007114","descriptor_name":"Immunization","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007251","descriptor_name":"Influenza, Human","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011018","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Pneumococcal","qualifier_ui":"Q000208","qualifier_name":"ethnology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011018","descriptor_name":"Pneumonia, Pneumococcal","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D044465","descriptor_name":"White People","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:15945359","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15945359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ethnicity & disease","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2406089394","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15945359","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.9629999995231628,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4291206763","https://openalex.org/W2031666090","https://openalex.org/W1123392853","https://openalex.org/W2033243754","https://openalex.org/W2077031411","https://openalex.org/W4407765617","https://openalex.org/W3188221069","https://openalex.org/W2797168562","https://openalex.org/W4409223841","https://openalex.org/W1520974739"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"brief":[1],"report":[2,42],"provides":[3],"data":[4],"from":[5,85],"the":[6,18,106,131,138],"National":[7],"Health":[8],"Interview":[9],"Survey":[10],"(1989-2002)":[11],"and":[12,27,47,56,80,123],"offers":[13],"commentary":[14],"on":[15],"reasons":[16],"for":[17,24,30,53,94,110],"racial/ethnic":[19,158],"disparities":[20],"in":[21,40,144],"immunization":[22],"coverage":[23],"both":[25],"influenza":[26,46,121],"pneumococcal":[28,48,127],"vaccines":[29],"persons":[31,114],"aged":[32,115],">":[33,116],"or":[34],"=":[35],"65":[36],"years.":[37],"The":[38],"findings":[39],"this":[41],"indicate":[43],"that,":[44],"although":[45],"vaccination":[49,93,122],"rates":[50,91],"have":[51,97],"increased":[52,99],"non-Hispanic":[54],"Blacks":[55],"Hispanics,":[57],"substantial":[58],"gaps":[59],"by":[60],"race/ethnicity":[61],"persist.":[62],"Differences":[63],"are":[64],"observed":[65],"even":[66],"among":[67],"individuals":[68],"with":[69],"similar":[70,75,81],"characteristics":[71],"(eg,":[72],"education":[73],"levels,":[74],"numbers":[76],"of":[77,92,113,133],"healthcare":[78],"visits,":[79],"insurance":[82],"status)":[83],"but":[84],"different":[86],"ethnic":[87],"groups.":[88],"In":[89],"addition,":[90],"ethnic/racial":[95],"groups":[96],"not":[98],"at":[100],"a":[101],"sufficient":[102],"rate":[103],"to":[104,155],"reach":[105],"national":[107],"health":[108],"objective":[109],"2010":[111],"(90%":[112],"64":[117],"years":[118],"receiving":[119],"annual":[120],"having":[124],"ever":[125],"received":[126],"vaccination).":[128],"By":[129],"examining":[130],"successes":[132],"new":[134],"initiatives":[135],"such":[136],"as":[137],"READII":[139],"(Racial":[140],"Ethnic":[141],"Adult":[142],"Disparities":[143],"Immunization)":[145],"demonstration":[146],"projects,":[147],"researchers":[148],"hope":[149],"that":[150],"progress":[151],"can":[152],"be":[153],"made":[154],"close":[156],"these":[157],"disparities.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}