{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2406014606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","title":"Is there an East Asian model of MNC internationalization? A comparative analysis of Japanese and Korean firms","display_name":"Is there an East Asian model of MNC internationalization? A comparative analysis of Japanese and Korean firms","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2406014606","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","mag":"2406014606"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117460449","display_name":"Asia Pacific Business Review","issn_l":"1360-2381","issn":["1360-2381","1743-792X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/334863","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052319405","display_name":"Martin Hemmert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-1170","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3718-1170"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197347611","display_name":"Korea University","ror":"https://ror.org/047dqcg40","country_code":"KR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}],"countries":["KR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martin Hemmert","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Business, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Business, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197347611"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005155251","display_name":"Keith Jackson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-7908","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3697-7908"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I124357947","display_name":"University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04cw6st05","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31575130","display_name":"SOAS University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/04vrxay34","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I31575130"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Keith Jackson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Financial & Management Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Financial & Management Studies, School of Oriental and African Studies, University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I31575130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5005155251"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I31575130"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5991,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95562287,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"4","first_page":"567","last_page":"594"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10907","display_name":"International Student and Expatriate Challenges","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10003","display_name":"Innovation and Knowledge Management","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/east-asian-firms","display_name":"East Asian firms","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-firms","display_name":"Japanese companies","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/korean-firms","display_name":"Korean firms","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internationalization-models","display_name":"internationalization models","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-cultural-comparison","display_name":"cross-cultural comparison","score":0.39399999380111694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theory-validity","display_name":"theory validity","score":0.32600000500679016}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97509610","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3141064","display_name":"Internationalization","level":2,"score":0.9527058601379395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158016649","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161726","display_name":"Multinational corporation","level":2,"score":0.9216592907905579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76775654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q27231","display_name":"East Asia","level":3,"score":0.8346297144889832},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.6725631952285767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.6557974815368652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5042833089828491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155202549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178803","display_name":"International trade","level":1,"score":0.4473961591720581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3991070091724396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74363100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q273005","display_name":"Economic system","level":1,"score":0.3486471176147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.22555434703826904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S117460449","display_name":"Asia Pacific Business Review","issn_l":"1360-2381","issn":["1360-2381","1743-792X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Asia Pacific Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:apbizr:v:22:y:2016:i:4:p:567-594","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/13602381.2016.1168617","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.soas.ac.uk:25245","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprints.soas.ac.uk/25245/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400728","display_name":"Center for International and Regional Studies (Georgetown University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I184565670","host_organization_name":"Georgetown University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184565670"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:soas-repository.worktribe.com:334863","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/334863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402168","display_name":"SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31575130","host_organization_name":"SOAS University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31575130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:soas-repository.worktribe.com:334863","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://soas-repository.worktribe.com/output/334863","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402168","display_name":"SOAS Research Online (SOAS University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I31575130","host_organization_name":"SOAS University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31575130"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":87,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W124434095","https://openalex.org/W140230216","https://openalex.org/W140456784","https://openalex.org/W140890004","https://openalex.org/W221143686","https://openalex.org/W313432283","https://openalex.org/W582930249","https://openalex.org/W603542689","https://openalex.org/W607825664","https://openalex.org/W653488796","https://openalex.org/W1414638805","https://openalex.org/W1489484807","https://openalex.org/W1505999675","https://openalex.org/W1548689344","https://openalex.org/W1563441030","https://openalex.org/W1576036061","https://openalex.org/W1578984236","https://openalex.org/W1596595931","https://openalex.org/W1607999262","https://openalex.org/W1625348379","https://openalex.org/W1915474875","https://openalex.org/W1965786634","https://openalex.org/W1967775032","https://openalex.org/W1968419619","https://openalex.org/W1972626305","https://openalex.org/W1973290053","https://openalex.org/W1977739425","https://openalex.org/W1987715345","https://openalex.org/W1990631438","https://openalex.org/W1993925781","https://openalex.org/W1998335377","https://openalex.org/W2000684756","https://openalex.org/W2008963784","https://openalex.org/W2009320476","https://openalex.org/W2019225498","https://openalex.org/W2020595149","https://openalex.org/W2023066798","https://openalex.org/W2028460001","https://openalex.org/W2028996043","https://openalex.org/W2030967771","https://openalex.org/W2033041137","https://openalex.org/W2036491121","https://openalex.org/W2039247928","https://openalex.org/W2045384540","https://openalex.org/W2045933035","https://openalex.org/W2062787492","https://openalex.org/W2063041860","https://openalex.org/W2068531188","https://openalex.org/W2070351374","https://openalex.org/W2071249181","https://openalex.org/W2087755116","https://openalex.org/W2089295019","https://openalex.org/W2091222890","https://openalex.org/W2094092453","https://openalex.org/W2100469765","https://openalex.org/W2131807104","https://openalex.org/W2144508811","https://openalex.org/W2148086252","https://openalex.org/W2222566039","https://openalex.org/W2230910126","https://openalex.org/W2283777418","https://openalex.org/W2313268812","https://openalex.org/W2331349121","https://openalex.org/W2467572231","https://openalex.org/W2481026600","https://openalex.org/W2528674023","https://openalex.org/W2541111693","https://openalex.org/W2568855546","https://openalex.org/W2611981212","https://openalex.org/W2802815144","https://openalex.org/W2914643303","https://openalex.org/W2932440884","https://openalex.org/W2980194785","https://openalex.org/W3023080527","https://openalex.org/W3124795771","https://openalex.org/W3186405410","https://openalex.org/W4229539960","https://openalex.org/W4237129182","https://openalex.org/W4237687724","https://openalex.org/W4242218046","https://openalex.org/W4247707443","https://openalex.org/W4251454193","https://openalex.org/W4251842907","https://openalex.org/W4256303615","https://openalex.org/W4299993958","https://openalex.org/W4300404540","https://openalex.org/W4300819813"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010569712","https://openalex.org/W2340249692","https://openalex.org/W124434095","https://openalex.org/W4251825644","https://openalex.org/W2341124656","https://openalex.org/W1999479432","https://openalex.org/W2059706219","https://openalex.org/W1977739425","https://openalex.org/W6980690428","https://openalex.org/W61001108"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Research":[0],"on":[1,11,142],"the":[2,41,69,78,92,129,136,143,153],"internationalization":[3,46,70,93,110,117,144],"of":[4,13,43,56,72,94,109,116,131,145,155],"multinational":[5],"corporations":[6],"(MNCs)":[7],"is":[8],"mostly":[9],"built":[10],"studies":[12,55,141],"North":[14],"American":[15],"and":[16,26,59,96,111],"European":[17],"firms.":[18,127],"East":[19,49,74,103,125,146],"Asian":[20,50,75,104,126,147],"MNCs":[21,76,105,148],"have":[22],"been":[23],"studied":[24],"less,":[25],"commonly":[27],"with":[28],"reference":[29],"to":[30,124],"theories":[31,83,157],"developed":[32],"in":[33,152],"Western":[34,82,114],"countries.":[35],"In":[36],"this":[37,132],"paper,":[38],"we":[39,87],"query":[40],"validity":[42],"these":[44],"\u2018Western\u2019":[45],"models":[47,115],"for":[48,138],"firms":[51],"through":[52],"comparative":[53],"case":[54],"representative":[57],"Japanese":[58,95],"South":[60,97],"Korean":[61,98],"MNCs\u2019":[62],"expansion":[63],"into":[64],"China.":[65],"We":[66],"find":[67,88],"that":[68,102,112],"processes":[71],"leading":[73],"match":[77],"predictions":[79],"made":[80],"by":[81],"only":[84],"partially.":[85],"Furthermore,":[86],"considerable":[89],"differences":[90],"between":[91],"firms,":[99],"indicating":[100],"both":[101],"follow":[106],"diverse":[107],"patterns":[108],"established":[113],"evince":[118],"limitations":[119],"or":[120,158],"weaknesses":[121],"when":[122],"applied":[123],"Overall,":[128],"findings":[130],"exploratory":[133],"study":[134],"illustrate":[135],"need":[137],"further,":[139],"in-depth":[140],"which":[149],"may":[150],"result":[151],"extensions":[154],"existing":[156],"even":[159],"new":[160],"theoretical":[161],"frameworks.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}