{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401871682","doi":null,"title":"Virtual Proofs of Reality.","display_name":"Virtual Proofs of Reality.","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401871682","mag":"2401871682"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2401871682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/415.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008067534","display_name":"Ulrich R\u00fchrmair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-6738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-6738"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ulrich R\u00fchrmair","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0156-6738","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5008067534"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2014","issue":null,"first_page":"415","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":0.6948000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.15839999914169312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.07419999688863754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physically-unclonable-functions","display_name":"physical unclonable functions","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interactive-proof-systems","display_name":"interactive proofs","score":0.9240000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"quantum cryptography","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-cryptography","display_name":"physical cryptography","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/temperature-measurement","display_name":"temperature measurement","score":0.36399999260902405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relative-positioning","display_name":"relative positioning","score":0.5410000085830688}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159718280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5526353","display_name":"Gas meter prover","level":3,"score":0.9504725933074951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.8145315647125244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7451983094215393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776900844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8028383","display_name":"Witness","level":2,"score":0.5891492962837219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.5508761405944824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.4959813058376312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778012447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1034415","display_name":"Scope (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.4459015727043152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4304526746273041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.42196351289749146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.4028662443161011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.19630387425422668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.18863260746002197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18685820698738098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1470375955104828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2401871682","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eprint.iacr.org/2014/415.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":55,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W22334361","https://openalex.org/W42193455","https://openalex.org/W72129948","https://openalex.org/W171639838","https://openalex.org/W612034071","https://openalex.org/W1490907850","https://openalex.org/W1495989020","https://openalex.org/W1555380212","https://openalex.org/W1559498407","https://openalex.org/W1574038160","https://openalex.org/W1576037675","https://openalex.org/W1595972262","https://openalex.org/W1781224829","https://openalex.org/W1786249143","https://openalex.org/W1963105592","https://openalex.org/W1968644410","https://openalex.org/W1970606468","https://openalex.org/W1975166224","https://openalex.org/W1977314849","https://openalex.org/W1982494235","https://openalex.org/W1998241453","https://openalex.org/W2000171858","https://openalex.org/W2005112946","https://openalex.org/W2011112377","https://openalex.org/W2015179126","https://openalex.org/W2026292022","https://openalex.org/W2051217341","https://openalex.org/W2059117561","https://openalex.org/W2062750063","https://openalex.org/W2073808537","https://openalex.org/W2079275996","https://openalex.org/W2080284304","https://openalex.org/W2087151588","https://openalex.org/W2099319333","https://openalex.org/W2106156825","https://openalex.org/W2113322447","https://openalex.org/W2116374153","https://openalex.org/W2118662335","https://openalex.org/W2119373203","https://openalex.org/W2129236194","https://openalex.org/W2130351941","https://openalex.org/W2134672312","https://openalex.org/W2138017705","https://openalex.org/W2141586044","https://openalex.org/W2145858709","https://openalex.org/W2163851871","https://openalex.org/W2169212403","https://openalex.org/W2171762889","https://openalex.org/W2183831097","https://openalex.org/W2225497109","https://openalex.org/W2399877787","https://openalex.org/W2465567107","https://openalex.org/W2963584573","https://openalex.org/W7099391601","https://openalex.org/W7099872265"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527722800","https://openalex.org/W2402256613","https://openalex.org/W4312491495","https://openalex.org/W3114539070","https://openalex.org/W3114894140","https://openalex.org/W7163867690","https://openalex.org/W7028678300","https://openalex.org/W99938045","https://openalex.org/W3175559911","https://openalex.org/W2564184999"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,73,187],"this":[1,100,237],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,79,193,264],"discuss":[4,266],"the":[5,32,35,39,84,107,120,127,133,136,150,185,213,223,234,240,246,287,290],"question":[6],"how":[7],"physical":[8,41,116,249,306],"statements":[9,42],"can":[10],"be":[11,146,178],"proven":[12],"remotely":[13],"over":[14,111],"digital":[15,143],"communication":[16],"channels":[17],"without":[18,24,260,281],"using":[19],"classical":[20,142,151],"secret":[21],"keys,":[22],"and":[23,27,160,207,252,255,289,296,302,311],"assuming":[25],"tamper-resistant":[26,148],"trusted":[28],"measurement":[29],"hardware":[30],"in":[31,105,149,164,222,272],"location":[33],"of":[34,47,75,90,96,219,229,236,248,269,317],"prover.":[36,291],"Examples":[37],"for":[38,274],"considered":[40],"are:":[43],"(i)":[44],"\u201cthe":[45],"temperature":[46,199],"a":[48,94],"certain":[49,55,65],"object":[50,66],"is":[51,155],"X\u25e6C\u201d,":[52],"(ii)":[53],"\u201ctwo":[54],"objects":[56,117,163,221,284],"are":[57,232],"positioned":[58],"at":[59,122],"distance":[60],"X\u201d,":[61],"or":[62,71,113,216],"(iii)":[63],"\u201ca":[64],"has":[67,109],"been":[68],"irreversibly":[69],"altered":[70],"destroyed\u201d.":[72],"lack":[74],"an":[76],"established":[77,243,300],"name,":[78],"would":[80],"like":[81],"to":[82,119,126,157,180,184,189],"call":[83],"corresponding":[85],"security":[86,303],"protocols":[87,196,211,241],"\u201dvirtual":[88],"proofs":[89],"reality\u201d":[91],"(VPs).":[92],"While":[93],"host":[95],"variants":[97],"seems":[98],"conceivable,":[99],"paper":[101],"focuses":[102],"on":[103,198],"VPs":[104],"which":[106],"verifier":[108,288],"handed":[110],"one":[112],"more":[114],"specific":[115],"Oi":[118,285],"prover":[121,134,154],"some":[123],"point":[124],"prior":[125],"VP.":[128],"These":[129,210],"\u201cwitness":[130],"objects\u201d":[131],"assist":[132],"during":[135],"proof,":[137],"but":[138],"shall":[139,176],"not":[140],"contain":[141],"keys":[144],"nor":[145],"assumed":[147],"sense.":[152],"The":[153],"allowed":[156],"open,":[158],"inspect":[159],"alter":[161],"these":[162,230],"our":[165,191,270],"adversarial":[166],"model,":[167],"only":[168],"being":[169],"limited":[170],"by":[171],"current":[172],"technology,":[173],"while":[174],"he":[175],"still":[177],"unable":[179],"prove":[181,212],"false":[182],"claims":[183],"verifier.":[186],"order":[188],"illustrate":[190],"concept,":[192],"give":[194],"example":[195,275],"built":[197],"sensitive":[200],"integrated":[201],"circuits,":[202],"disordered":[203],"optical":[204],"scattering":[205],"media,":[206],"quantum":[208,253,309],"systems.":[209,314],"temperature,":[214],"destruction/modification,":[215],"relative":[217],"position":[218],"witness":[220,283],"prover\u2019s":[224],"location.":[225],"Full":[226],"experimental":[227],"realizations":[228],"schemes":[231],"beyond":[233],"scope":[235],"paper.":[238],"But":[239],"utilize":[242],"technologies":[244],"from":[245],"areas":[247],"unclonable":[250,307],"functions":[251],"cryptography,":[254,310],"hence":[256],"appear":[257],"plausible":[258],"also":[259,265],"such":[261],"proof.":[262],"Finally,":[263],"potential":[267],"advancements":[268],"method":[271],"theory,":[273],"\u201cpublic":[276],"virtual":[277],"proofs\u201d":[278],"that":[279],"function":[280],"exchanging":[282],"between":[286],"Our":[292],"work":[293],"touches":[294],"upon":[295],"partly":[297],"extends":[298],"several":[299],"cryptographic":[301],"concepts,":[304],"including":[305],"functions,":[308],"interactive":[312],"proof":[313],"Keywords-Virtual":[315],"Proofs":[316],"Reality":[318],"(VPs),":[319],"Physical":[320,329],"Unclonable":[321],"Functions":[322],"(PUFs),":[323],"Interactive":[324],"Proof":[325],"Systems,":[326],"Quantum":[327],"Cryptography,":[328],"Cryptography":[330]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}