{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2401661069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","title":"Immunomodulator Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","display_name":"Immunomodulator Therapy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease.","publication_year":1997,"publication_date":"1997-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2401661069","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","mag":"2401661069","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9489118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87184256","display_name":"Acta Clinica Belgica","issn_l":"1784-3286","issn":["1784-3286","2295-3337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Clinica Belgica","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022158321","display_name":"F Baert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800231306","display_name":"Universitair Ziekenhuis Leuven","ror":"https://ror.org/0424bsv16","country_code":"BE","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800231306"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Baert","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Intemal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Intemal Medicine, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Leuven, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800231306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075362548","display_name":"P Rutgeerts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Rutgeerts.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6298673,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"52","issue":"5","first_page":"251","last_page":"257"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10134","display_name":"Inflammatory Bowel Disease","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11194","display_name":"Ocular Diseases and Beh\u00e7et\u2019s Syndrome","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2731","display_name":"Ophthalmology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10200","display_name":"Rheumatoid Arthritis Research and Therapies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2745","display_name":"Rheumatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inflammatory-bowel-disease","display_name":"inflammatory bowel disease","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunomodulatory-therapy","display_name":"immunomodulatory therapy","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crohn-s-disease","display_name":"Crohn's disease","score":0.9440000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ulcerative-colitis","display_name":"ulcerative colitis","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-aminosalicylic-acid","display_name":"5-aminosalicylic acid","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corticosteroids","display_name":"corticosteroids","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/azathioprine","display_name":"azathioprine","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/methotrexate","display_name":"methotrexate","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclosporine","display_name":"cyclosporine","score":0.9599999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mycophenolate-mofetil","display_name":"mycophenolate mofetil","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tacrolimus","display_name":"tacrolimus","score":0.8939999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokine-therapy","display_name":"cytokine therapy","score":0.597000002861023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/refractory-disease","display_name":"refractory disease","score":0.7540000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/steroid-dependence","display_name":"steroid dependence","score":0.6129999756813049}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.9681661128997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18939","display_name":"Azathioprine","level":3,"score":0.8412584066390991},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778260677","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917447","display_name":"Inflammatory bowel disease","level":3,"score":0.7137198448181152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781059491","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422232","display_name":"Methotrexate","level":2,"score":0.7015830874443054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780479503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1477","display_name":"Ulcerative colitis","level":3,"score":0.6996545195579529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776207728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7918002","display_name":"Vedolizumab","level":4,"score":0.5674598217010498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2911221801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2742406","display_name":"Biologic Agents","level":3,"score":0.4960668981075287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4866407811641693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.4862043261528015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3649318218231201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.21383357048034668}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000964","descriptor_name":"Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001379","descriptor_name":"Azathioprine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001781","descriptor_name":"Blood Component Removal","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003093","descriptor_name":"Colitis, Ulcerative","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003093","descriptor_name":"Colitis, Ulcerative","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003424","descriptor_name":"Crohn Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003424","descriptor_name":"Crohn Disease","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005493","descriptor_name":"Folic Acid Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007166","descriptor_name":"Immunosuppressive Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008727","descriptor_name":"Methotrexate","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015122","descriptor_name":"Mercaptopurine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016207","descriptor_name":"Cytokines","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016572","descriptor_name":"Cyclosporine","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17843286.1997.11718586","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S87184256","display_name":"Acta Clinica Belgica","issn_l":"1784-3286","issn":["1784-3286","2295-3337"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta Clinica Belgica","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9489118","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9489118","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Acta clinica Belgica","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2033032772","https://openalex.org/W1964056152","https://openalex.org/W2050624586","https://openalex.org/W2077251398","https://openalex.org/W2324824570","https://openalex.org/W2030593178","https://openalex.org/W2140584038","https://openalex.org/W2414121266","https://openalex.org/W2150933285","https://openalex.org/W2335359396"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"While":[0],"5-ASA":[1],"and":[2,19,29,36,49,103,134],"corticosteroids":[3],"are":[4,38],"still":[5],"the":[6,57,61,124],"mainstay":[7],"of":[8,33,63,90,112],"treatment,":[9],"more":[10,70],"potent":[11],"immunosuppressive":[12],"agents":[13,43,114],"should":[14,106],"be":[15,107,116],"considered":[16],"in":[17,56,60,69],"refractory":[18],"steroid":[20],"dependant":[21],"patients":[22],"not":[23],"amenable":[24],"to":[25,80],"surgery.":[26],"The":[27],"activity":[28],"side":[30],"effect":[31],"profile":[32],"6-MP/azathioprine,":[34],"methotrexate":[35],"cyclosporine":[37],"now":[39],"well":[40],"established.":[41],"Other":[42],"such":[44],"as":[45],"mycophenolaat-mophetil,":[46],"FK":[47],"506":[48],"combination":[50],"therapies":[51],"may":[52],"provide":[53],"additional":[54],"benefits":[55],"future.":[58],"Advances":[59],"field":[62],"mucosal":[64],"immunology":[65],"have":[66],"prompted":[67],"interest":[68],"specific":[71,104],"immunologic":[72],"approaches.":[73],"Recombinant":[74],"genetic":[75],"engineering":[76],"techniques":[77],"enable":[78],"us":[79],"test":[81],"cytokines,":[82,84],"anti":[83,85],"adhesion":[86],"molecules":[87],"etc.":[88],"some":[89],"which":[91],"with":[92],"very":[93],"promising":[94],"clinical":[95],"results.":[96],"More":[97],"data":[98],"on":[99],"long":[100],"term":[101],"safety":[102],"indications":[105],"awaited":[108],"before":[109],"broader":[110],"use":[111],"these":[113],"can":[115],"advocated.":[117],"An":[118],"updated":[119],"review":[120],"is":[121],"given":[122],"from":[123],"current":[125],"immunological":[126],"based":[127],"treatment":[128],"modalities":[129],"for":[130],"both":[131],"Crohn's":[132],"disease":[133],"ulcerative":[135],"colitis.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}