{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399856397","doi":null,"title":"The release of transforming growth factor-beta following haemorrhage: its role as a mediator of host immunosuppression.","display_name":"The release of transforming growth factor-beta following haemorrhage: its role as a mediator of host immunosuppression.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399856397","mag":"2399856397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8406575","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421983"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421983","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421983","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003446329","display_name":"Alfred Ayala","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-2995","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5034-2995"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Ayala","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Surgery, Michigan State University, East Lansing 48824","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013438877","display_name":"Daniel R. Meldrum","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D R Meldrum","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086492229","display_name":"Michelle M. Perrin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M M Perrin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085171919","display_name":"Irshad H. Chaudry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-4925","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3040-4925"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I H Chaudry","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3069,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80567451,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"3","first_page":"479","last_page":"84"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.4417000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11501","display_name":"TGF-\u03b2 signaling in diseases","score":0.4417000114917755,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.2240000069141388,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10371","display_name":"Immune Response and Inflammation","score":0.09390000253915787,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transforming-growth-factor-beta","display_name":"TGF-beta","score":0.9670000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hemorrhage","display_name":"hemorrhage","score":0.9819999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunosuppression","display_name":"immunosuppression","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-mediated-immunity","display_name":"cell-mediated immunity","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splenocyte-proliferation","display_name":"splenocyte proliferation","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-presentation","display_name":"antigen presentation","score":0.6570000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splenic-macrophages","display_name":"splenic macrophages","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neutralizing-antibodies","display_name":"neutralizing antibodies","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostaglandin-e2","display_name":"prostaglandin E2","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hypotension","display_name":"hypotension","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.5239999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189976730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3493700","display_name":"Splenocyte","level":3,"score":0.6196261644363403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.564729630947113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5419251918792725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780252810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455316","display_name":"Immunosuppression","level":2,"score":0.5199071764945984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778690821","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212354","display_name":"Cytokine","level":2,"score":0.5029024481773376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778229498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q24785672","display_name":"Transforming growth factor beta","level":3,"score":0.44987642765045166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19869320","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419277","display_name":"Concanavalin A","level":3,"score":0.44665735960006714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.434409499168396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118131993","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423671","display_name":"Transforming growth factor","level":2,"score":0.428419291973114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4262080192565918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.4211658537387848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.37654030323028564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202751555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221681","display_name":"In vitro","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006470","descriptor_name":"Hemorrhage","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007108","descriptor_name":"Immune Tolerance","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007111","descriptor_name":"Immunity, Cellular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007700","descriptor_name":"Kinetics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008213","descriptor_name":"Lymphocyte Activation","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008264","descriptor_name":"Macrophages","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008809","descriptor_name":"Mice, Inbred C3H","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013154","descriptor_name":"Spleen","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015232","descriptor_name":"Dinoprostone","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016212","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016212","descriptor_name":"Transforming Growth Factor beta","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421983","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:8406575","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8406575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2399856397","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8406575","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:1421983","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/1421983","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Immunology","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9922999739646912,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1869170481","display_name":"IMMUNOLOGICAL ASPECTS OF HEMORRHAGE","funder_award_id":"R01GM037127","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W131901930","https://openalex.org/W1522700610","https://openalex.org/W1565546071","https://openalex.org/W1566106855","https://openalex.org/W1607956110","https://openalex.org/W1705055750","https://openalex.org/W1920500909","https://openalex.org/W1933571859","https://openalex.org/W1966958642","https://openalex.org/W1970516412","https://openalex.org/W1973644988","https://openalex.org/W1973960813","https://openalex.org/W1982034147","https://openalex.org/W1983287618","https://openalex.org/W2002328221","https://openalex.org/W2013993175","https://openalex.org/W2015225665","https://openalex.org/W2047564219","https://openalex.org/W2060043509","https://openalex.org/W2062026488","https://openalex.org/W2062777043","https://openalex.org/W2099491165","https://openalex.org/W2136819827","https://openalex.org/W2140930861","https://openalex.org/W2167991941","https://openalex.org/W2345093668"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2032943502","https://openalex.org/W2091141002","https://openalex.org/W1996620579","https://openalex.org/W2069485575","https://openalex.org/W2062170935","https://openalex.org/W1982034147","https://openalex.org/W2168742041","https://openalex.org/W2009712515","https://openalex.org/W2108043160","https://openalex.org/W1598552782"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Haemorrhage":[0],"in":[1,13,31,53,141,156,163,198,234],"the":[2,22,62,108,117,152,157,194,199,218,243,250,256],"absence":[3],"of":[4,41,64,70,96,107,115,154,196,220,229,252,264],"trauma":[5],"is":[6,59],"reported":[7],"to":[8,21,45,74,88,147,223,255],"induce":[9],"a":[10,92,138],"profound":[11],"depression":[12],"cell-mediated":[14,265],"immunity.":[15],"Recent":[16],"studies":[17],"have":[18],"drawn":[19],"attention":[20],"cytokine":[23],"transforming":[24],"growth":[25],"factor-beta":[26],"(TGF-beta)":[27],"that,":[28],"while":[29],"important":[30],"wound":[32],"healing,":[33],"also":[34,205],"has":[35],"marked":[36],"immunosuppressive":[37],"effects.":[38],"The":[39],"aim":[40],"this":[42,58,113],"study":[43],"was":[44,159],"determine":[46,82],"whether:":[47],"(1)":[48],"haemorrhage":[49,77,136,237],"induces":[50],"an":[51],"increase":[52,153],"circulating":[54,109],"TGF-beta":[55,75,143,155,188,197,253],"and":[56,67,89,127,171,217],"if":[57],"associated":[60,160],"with":[61,161,178],"loss":[63],"host":[65],"immunoresponsiveness;":[66],"(2)":[68],"administration":[69],"monoclonal":[71],"antibody":[72,180,244],"(mAb)":[73],"following":[76,135,267],"ablates":[78],"these":[79],"changes.":[80],"To":[81],"this,":[83],"C3H/HeN":[84],"mice":[85,118],"were":[86,119,238],"bled":[87],"maintained":[90],"at":[91,125,132,201],"mean":[93],"arterial":[94],"pressure":[95],"35":[97],"mmHg":[98],"for":[99],"1":[100],"hr.":[101],"This":[102],"required":[103],"removing":[104],"approximately":[105],"50%":[106],"blood":[110,200],"volume.":[111],"Following":[112],"period":[114],"hypotension,":[116],"adequately":[120],"resuscitated.":[121],"Blood":[122],"samples":[123],"obtained":[124],"24":[126,150,202,261],"72":[128],"hr,":[129,134,151,203],"but":[130,204],"not":[131,191],"2":[133],"showed":[137],"significant":[139],"elevation":[140],"plasma":[142,158,235],"levels":[144,195,228],"when":[145],"compared":[146],"shams.":[148],"At":[149],"decreases":[162],"both":[164],"concanavalin":[165],"A":[166],"(Con":[167],"A)-induced":[168],"splenocyte":[169,207],"proliferation":[170],"splenic":[172,221],"macrophage":[173],"antigen":[174],"presentation.":[175],"Treating":[176],"animals":[177],"neutralizing":[179],"(animals":[181],"received":[182],"200":[183],"micrograms":[184],"mAb":[185],"against":[186],"bovine":[187],"1,2,3/mouse":[189],"intraarterially)":[190],"only":[192,239],"reduced":[193],"restored":[206],"functions,":[208],"such":[209],"as":[210],"Con":[211],"A-induced":[212],"proliferation,":[213],"interleukin-2":[214],"(IL-2)":[215],"release,":[216],"capacity":[219],"macrophages":[222],"present":[224],"antigen.":[225],"However,":[226],"elevated":[227],"prostaglandin":[230],"E2":[231],"(PGE2)":[232],"seen":[233],"during":[236],"partially":[240],"depressed":[241],"by":[242],"treatment.":[245],"These":[246],"results":[247],"indicate":[248],"that":[249],"release":[251],"contributes":[254],"protracted":[257],"(>":[258],"or":[259],"=":[260],"hr)":[262],"suppression":[263],"immunity":[266],"haemorrhage.":[268]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}