{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2399563113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","title":"Thermoelectric Power in Bilayer Graphene Device with Ionic Liquid Gating","display_name":"Thermoelectric Power in Bilayer Graphene Device with Ionic Liquid Gating","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2399563113","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","mag":"2399563113","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852799","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4745055"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20402.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20402.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047949390","display_name":"Yung-Yu Chien","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111779","display_name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/01tpvdq80","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yung-Yu Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100650335","display_name":"Hongtao Yuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-9910","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5331-9910"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongtao Yuan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA","Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, California, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geballe Laboratory for Advanced Materials, Stanford University, Stanford, 94305, California, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077903258","display_name":"Chang-Ran Wang","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111779","display_name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/01tpvdq80","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Ran Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086074604","display_name":"Wei\u2010Li Lee","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-1607","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7207-1607"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111779","display_name":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/01tpvdq80","country_code":"TW","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779","https://openalex.org/I84653119"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Wei-Li Lee","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, Taipei 11529, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Physics, Academia Sinica, Nankang, 11529, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086074604"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111779"],"apc_list":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"apc_paid":{"value":2690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2690},"fwci":0.8976,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68424558,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"1","first_page":"20402","last_page":"20402"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10083","display_name":"Graphene research and applications","score":0.9818999767303467,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10275","display_name":"2D Materials and Applications","score":0.010300000198185444,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10382","display_name":"Quantum and electron transport phenomena","score":0.0020000000949949026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-power","display_name":"thermoelectric power","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bilayer-graphene","display_name":"bilayer graphene","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ionic-liquid-gating","display_name":"ionic liquid gating","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/band-gap-tuning","display_name":"band gap tuning","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-puddles","display_name":"charge puddles","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-transport-properties","display_name":"low-temperature transport","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-figure-of-merit","display_name":"figure of merit ZT","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermoelectric-cooling","display_name":"thermoelectric cooling","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/charge-neutral-point","display_name":"charge neutral point","score":0.6620000004768372}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112625512","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1091448","display_name":"Seebeck coefficient","level":3,"score":0.7084531188011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.6989185810089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143401881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4156171","display_name":"Bilayer graphene","level":3,"score":0.6824586391448975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30080830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169917","display_name":"Graphene","level":2,"score":0.6530594825744629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63024428","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q552456","display_name":"Thermoelectric effect","level":2,"score":0.6288366317749023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154881586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898579","display_name":"Ionic liquid","level":3,"score":0.5286548733711243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192157962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087243","display_name":"Bilayer","level":3,"score":0.4923661947250366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181966813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q806352","display_name":"Band gap","level":2,"score":0.4690288305282593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130277099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3676605","display_name":"Figure of merit","level":2,"score":0.4683593809604645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.45720890164375305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40636707","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13633683","display_name":"Fermi level","level":3,"score":0.4453851282596588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26873012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214781","display_name":"Condensed matter physics","level":1,"score":0.43354228138923645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2182769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62500","display_name":"Ionic bonding","level":3,"score":0.4172292947769165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194544171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21105679","display_name":"Gating","level":2,"score":0.41615742444992065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.32795536518096924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.20413529872894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145148216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36496","display_name":"Ion","level":2,"score":0.13620617985725403},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.11951357126235962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.11327075958251953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147120987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2225","display_name":"Electron","level":2,"score":0.04689207673072815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42407357","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q521","display_name":"Physiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20402.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26852799","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26852799","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific reports","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4745055","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4745055/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Sci Rep","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/srep20402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/srep20402","pdf_url":"https://www.nature.com/articles/srep20402.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S196734849","display_name":"Scientific Reports","issn_l":"2045-2322","issn":["2045-2322"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Scientific Reports","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5690000057220459}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321040","display_name":"National Science Council","ror":"https://ror.org/02kv4zf79"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321041","display_name":"Academia Sinica","ror":"https://ror.org/05bxb3784"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399563113.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2399563113.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1774142073","https://openalex.org/W1957072410","https://openalex.org/W1963944497","https://openalex.org/W1965510035","https://openalex.org/W1970812916","https://openalex.org/W1976946247","https://openalex.org/W1989506279","https://openalex.org/W1994566804","https://openalex.org/W2056322129","https://openalex.org/W2060178666","https://openalex.org/W2077544301","https://openalex.org/W2105086401","https://openalex.org/W2120254398","https://openalex.org/W2138159532","https://openalex.org/W2141067171","https://openalex.org/W2152624654","https://openalex.org/W2163532395","https://openalex.org/W2167712193","https://openalex.org/W2192190431","https://openalex.org/W2298403338","https://openalex.org/W3037464148"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077544301","https://openalex.org/W2473746005","https://openalex.org/W4286449111","https://openalex.org/W2240973928","https://openalex.org/W2246823861","https://openalex.org/W2895115810","https://openalex.org/W1970812916","https://openalex.org/W1653405185","https://openalex.org/W2021593773","https://openalex.org/W4407977312"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"quest":[1],"for":[2,26],"materials":[3,22],"showing":[4],"large":[5],"thermoelectric":[6,27,36,129],"power":[7,130],"has":[8],"long":[9],"been":[10],"one":[11],"of":[12,33,56,116,128,144,163],"the":[13,67,75,80,92,142,160,164],"important":[14],"subjects":[15],"in":[16,47,98,148,168],"material":[17],"science":[18],"and":[19,29,88,123],"technology.":[20],"Such":[21],"have":[23,39],"great":[24],"potential":[25],"cooling":[28],"also":[30,157],"high":[31],"figure":[32],"merit":[34],"ZT":[35],"applications.":[37],"We":[38,156],"fabricated":[40],"bilayer":[41,63,150],"graphene":[42,151],"devices":[43,100],"with":[44],"ionic-liquid":[45],"gating":[46],"order":[48],"to":[49],"tune":[50],"its":[51],"band":[52,114,145],"gap":[53,115,146],"via":[54],"application":[55],"a":[57,62,113,124,149],"perpendicular":[58],"electric":[59],"field":[60],"on":[61,159],"graphene.":[64],"By":[65],"keeping":[66],"Fermi":[68],"level":[69],"at":[70,95,131],"charge":[71,81,165],"neutral":[72],"point":[73],"during":[74],"cool-down,":[76],"we":[77],"found":[78],"that":[79],"puddles":[82,166],"effect":[83,167],"can":[84],"be":[85],"greatly":[86],"reduced":[87],"thus":[89],"largely":[90],"improve":[91],"transport":[93],"properties":[94],"low":[96],"T":[97,132],"graphene-based":[99],"using":[101,152],"ionic":[102,153],"liquid":[103,154],"gating.":[104,155],"At":[105],"(Vig,":[106],"Vbg)":[107],"=":[108,133],"(-1":[109],"V,":[110],"+23":[111],"V),":[112],"about":[117],"36.6":[118],"\u00b1":[119],"3":[120],"meV":[121],"forms,":[122],"nearly":[125],"40%":[126],"enhancement":[127],"120":[134],"K":[135],"is":[136],"clearly":[137],"observed.":[138],"Our":[139],"works":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"feasibility":[143],"tuning":[147],"remark":[158],"significant":[161],"influence":[162],"ionic-liquid-based":[169],"devices.":[170]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}