{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2398711535","doi":null,"title":"Changes in muscle size and architecture following 20 days of bed rest.","display_name":"Changes in muscle size and architecture following 20 days of bed rest.","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2398711535","mag":"2398711535","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124185"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:12124185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085812743","display_name":"Yasuo Kawakami","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-4039","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0588-4039"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Kawakami","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. kawakami@idaten.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp","Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan. kawakami@idaten.c.u-tokyo.ac.jp","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Life Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049397039","display_name":"Yuichiro Muraoka","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9899-2816","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9899-2816"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Muraoka","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023655871","display_name":"Keitaro Kubo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4938-1313","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4938-1313"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K Kubo","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012741687","display_name":"Youji Suzuki","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y Suzuki","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004605730","display_name":"T. Fukunaga","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-8236","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1668-8236"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74801974","display_name":"The University of Tokyo","ror":"https://ror.org/057zh3y96","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T Fukunaga","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tokyo,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tokyo,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74801974"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":81,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.72144492,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"7","issue":"3","first_page":"53","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12005","display_name":"Spaceflight effects on biology","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10441","display_name":"Muscle Physiology and Disorders","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11209","display_name":"Cardiovascular and exercise physiology","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bed-rest","display_name":"bed rest","score":0.75},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-atrophy","display_name":"muscle atrophy","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-architecture","display_name":"muscle architecture","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physiological-cross-sectional-area","display_name":"physiological cross-sectional area","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-thickness","display_name":"muscle thickness","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pennation-angle","display_name":"pennation angle","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadriceps","display_name":"quadriceps","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vastus-intermedius","display_name":"vastus intermedius","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rectus-femoris","display_name":"rectus femoris","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-disuse","display_name":"muscle disuse","score":0.4869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triceps-surae","display_name":"triceps surae","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/triceps-brachii","display_name":"triceps brachii","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vastus-lateralis","display_name":"vastus lateralis","score":0.9660000205039978}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777001087","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6940306","display_name":"Muscle architecture","level":2,"score":0.783431887626648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.6692911386489868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779018429","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q129757","display_name":"Thigh","level":2,"score":0.6452637910842896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6202227473258972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776263037","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1557686","display_name":"Muscle atrophy","level":3,"score":0.5867279767990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776643329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q975459","display_name":"Vastus lateralis muscle","level":3,"score":0.5516425967216492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776917922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431282","display_name":"Triceps surae muscle","level":2,"score":0.5213526487350464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781172350","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194520","display_name":"Atrophy","level":2,"score":0.4848729074001312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777854218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850197","display_name":"Bed rest","level":2,"score":0.47322168946266174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143409427","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161238","display_name":"Magnetic resonance imaging","level":2,"score":0.4728401303291321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993908498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q504536","display_name":"Quadriceps muscle","level":2,"score":0.45233699679374695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.4415718913078308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987592631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2910873","display_name":"Knee flexion","level":2,"score":0.43739867210388184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529618451","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q234904","display_name":"Ultrasonography","level":2,"score":0.416811466217041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779959927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1048687","display_name":"Skeletal muscle","level":2,"score":0.19268053770065308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.17840179800987244},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.16019710898399353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126838900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77604","display_name":"Radiology","level":1,"score":0.11185386776924133}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001510","descriptor_name":"Bed Rest","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005081","descriptor_name":"Exercise Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008279","descriptor_name":"Magnetic Resonance Imaging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009133","descriptor_name":"Muscular Atrophy","qualifier_ui":"Q000517","qualifier_name":"prevention & control","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013848","descriptor_name":"Thigh","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013848","descriptor_name":"Thigh","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013848","descriptor_name":"Thigh","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013848","descriptor_name":"Thigh","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014463","descriptor_name":"Ultrasonography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018474","descriptor_name":"Weightlessness Simulation","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018475","descriptor_name":"Head-Down Tilt","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000000981","qualifier_name":"diagnostic imaging","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018482","descriptor_name":"Muscle, Skeletal","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:12124185","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of gravitational physiology : a journal of the International Society for Gravitational Physiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2398711535","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12124185","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W64638696","https://openalex.org/W58026851","https://openalex.org/W1985902477","https://openalex.org/W2096291691","https://openalex.org/W3108535751","https://openalex.org/W2105082036","https://openalex.org/W2985999333","https://openalex.org/W2033821778","https://openalex.org/W2109493759","https://openalex.org/W761651971"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Five":[0],"healthy":[1],"men":[2],"carried":[3],"out":[4],"a":[5,19,85,162],"program":[6],"of":[7,21,24,36,54],"head-down":[8],"bed":[9],"rest":[10],"(BR)":[11],"for":[12,164,168],"20":[13],"days.":[14],"Before":[15],"and":[16,42,51,60,127,129,138],"after":[17,90,185],"BR,":[18,70,186],"series":[20],"cross-sectional":[22,44],"scans":[23],"the":[25,37,55,95,102,109,114,125,130,134,143,157],"thigh":[26],"were":[27,40,47,64,153],"performed":[28,72],"using":[29],"magnetic":[30],"resonance":[31],"imaging,":[32],"from":[33],"which":[34],"volumes":[35],"quadriceps":[38],"muscles":[39,63,152,175,184],"determined":[41,66],"physiological":[43],"areas":[45],"(PCSA)":[46],"calculated.":[48],"Muscle":[49],"thickness":[50],"pennation":[52,180],"angles":[53,181],"triceps":[56,61],"brachii,":[57],"vastus":[58,111],"lateralis,":[59],"surae":[62],"also":[65],"by":[67,120,156,195,198],"ultrasonography.":[68],"During":[69],"subjects":[71],"unilateral":[73],"isokinetic":[74],"knee":[75],"extension":[76],"exercises":[77],"every":[78],"day.":[79],"The":[80],"contralateral":[81],"limb":[82,104,116],"served":[83],"as":[84],"control.":[86],"Decrease":[87],"in":[88,94,101,113,142,147,150,179,182],"PCSA":[89],"BR":[91,121],"was":[92,117],"greater":[93],"control":[96,115,174],"(-10.2":[97],"+/-":[98,106],"6.3%)":[99],"than":[100],"trained":[103,144,172],"(-5.2":[105],"4.2%).":[107],"Among":[108],"quadriceps,":[110],"intermedius":[112],"predominantly":[118],"atrophied":[119],"with":[122],"respect":[123],"to":[124,200],"volume":[126],"PCSA,":[128],"rectus":[131],"femoris":[132],"showed":[133,176],"greatest":[135],"training":[136,167],"effect":[137],"retained":[139],"its":[140],"size":[141],"limb.":[145],"Decreases":[146],"muscle":[148,189,196],"thicknesses":[149],"leg":[151],"not":[154,192],"prevented":[155],"present":[158],"exercise":[159,166],"protocol,":[160],"suggesting":[161,187],"need":[163],"specific":[165],"these":[169],"muscles.":[170],"Neither":[171],"nor":[173],"significant":[177],"changes":[178],"any":[183],"that":[188],"architecture":[190],"does":[191],"change":[193],"remarkably":[194],"atrophy":[197],"up":[199],"10%.":[201]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
