{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2398060282","doi":null,"title":"Natural Language Question Answering in Open Domains","display_name":"Natural Language Question Answering in Open Domains","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2398060282","mag":"2398060282"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.228.5952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.5952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.racai.ro/%7Etufis/papers/Tufis-IIS2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3790532951444ce39452ea3a5b9dde9a","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062940611","display_name":"Dan Ioan Tufis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-9852","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8280-9852"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I58077936","display_name":"Romanian Academy","ror":"https://ror.org/0561n6946","country_code":"RO","type":"archive","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I58077936"]}],"countries":["RO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dan Tufi\u015f","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy 13, Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest 050711, Romania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Romanian Academy 13, Calea 13 Septembrie, Bucharest 050711, Romania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58077936"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062940611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I58077936"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0505,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82134085,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.42239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.42239999771118164,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.40700000524520874,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.14890000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain-question-answering","display_name":"open-domain question answering","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-question-answering","display_name":"natural language question answering","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-services","display_name":"web services","score":0.6679999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"information retrieval","score":0.6159999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-lingual-generalization","display_name":"cross-lingual generalization","score":0.5680000185966492}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.7456885576248169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.509026288986206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193035329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007046","display_name":"Closed-ended question","level":2,"score":0.43542158603668213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4159257411956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3914007246494293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3765890896320343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2650291919708252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.19153299927711487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0860322117805481}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.228.5952","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.228.5952","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.racai.ro/%7Etufis/papers/Tufis-IIS2011.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3790532951444ce39452ea3a5b9dde9a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3790532951444ce39452ea3a5b9dde9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Journal of Moldova, Vol 19, Iss 2(56), Pp 146-164 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ibn.idsi.md:2834","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ibn.idsi.md/vizualizare_articol/2834","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Journal of Moldova 56 (2) 146-164","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ibn.idsi.md:76800","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ibn.idsi.md/vizualizare_articol/76800","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"International Workshop on Intelligent Information Systems","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:3790532951444ce39452ea3a5b9dde9a","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/3790532951444ce39452ea3a5b9dde9a","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Journal of Moldova, Vol 19, Iss 2(56), Pp 146-164 (2011)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W10032143","https://openalex.org/W34164803","https://openalex.org/W143317831","https://openalex.org/W635530177","https://openalex.org/W1486207075","https://openalex.org/W1625582487","https://openalex.org/W2101105183","https://openalex.org/W2146574666"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W32526256","https://openalex.org/W2516703895","https://openalex.org/W4250693713","https://openalex.org/W2406337895","https://openalex.org/W4246039023","https://openalex.org/W2162586911","https://openalex.org/W7095506678","https://openalex.org/W2744192047","https://openalex.org/W7095603215","https://openalex.org/W2146218102"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract:":[0],"With":[1],"the":[2,8,10,28,53,59,83,93,103,121,131,138,141,149,154,159,184,188],"ever-growing":[3],"volume":[4],"of":[5,18,76,107,130,140,187],"information":[6,34],"on":[7,27,58,102,115,174,183],"web,":[9],"traditional":[11],"search":[12,55],"engines,":[13,56],"returning":[14],"hundreds":[15],"or":[16,89],"thousands":[17],"documents":[19,77],"per":[20],"query,":[21,85],"become":[22],"more":[23,25],"and":[24,45,105,145],"demanding":[26],"user":[29],"patience":[30],"in":[31,38,48,96],"satisfying":[32],"his/her":[33],"needs.":[35],"Question":[36,109],"Answering":[37,110],"Open":[39],"Domains":[40],"is":[41,181],"a":[42,74,87,90,108,165,175],"top":[43],"research":[44],"development":[46],"topic":[47],"current":[49],"language":[50,161],"technology.":[51],"Unlike":[52],"standard":[54],"based":[57],"latest":[60],"Information":[61],"Retrieval":[62],"(IR)":[63],"methods,":[64],"open":[65],"domain":[66],"question-answering":[67],"systems":[68],"are":[69],"expected":[70],"to":[71,158],"deliver":[72],"not":[73],"list":[75],"that":[78],"might":[79],"be":[80],"relevant":[81],"for":[82,124],"user\u2018s":[84],"but":[86,178],"sentence":[88],"paragraph":[91],"answering":[92],"question":[94],"asked":[95],"natural":[97,160],"language.":[98],"This":[99],"paper":[100],"reports":[101],"construction":[104],"testing":[106],"(QA)":[111],"system":[112,132,152,171],"which":[113],"builds":[114],"several":[116],"web":[117],"services":[118],"developed":[119],"at":[120],"Research":[122],"Institute":[123],"Artificial":[125],"Intelligence":[126],"(ICIA/RACAI).":[127],"The":[128,170],"evaluation":[129],"has":[133,146],"been":[134,147],"independently":[135],"done":[136],"by":[137],"organizers":[139],"ResPubliQA":[142],"2009":[143],"exercise":[144],"rated":[148],"best":[150],"performing":[151],"with":[153],"highest":[155],"improvement":[156],"due":[157],"processing":[162],"technology":[163],"over":[164],"baseline":[166],"stateof-the-art":[167],"IR":[168],"system.":[169],"was":[172],"trained":[173],"specific":[176],"corpus,":[177],"its":[179],"functionality":[180],"independent":[182],"linguistic":[185],"register":[186],"training":[189],"data.":[190]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}