{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397856895","doi":null,"title":"Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments for a von Neumann Architecture.","display_name":"Succinct Non-Interactive Arguments for a von Neumann Architecture.","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397856895","mag":"2397856895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2397856895","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~tromer/papers/vnsnark-20131230.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058111762","display_name":"Eli Ben\u2010Sasson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0483","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0483"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eli Ben\u2010Sasson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0708-0483","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101591310","display_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-2353","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-2353","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2955-3998"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Chiesa","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3029-2353","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049555551","display_name":"Eran Tromer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-9564","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-9564"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eran Tromer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-9564","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051930744","display_name":"Madars Virza","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Madars Virza","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"2013","issue":null,"first_page":"879","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.002199999988079071,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11614","display_name":"Cloud Data Security Solutions","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zk-snarks","display_name":"zk-SNARKs","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/program-verification","display_name":"program verification","score":0.6779999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/untrusted-server","display_name":"untrusted server","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circuit-generation","display_name":"circuit generation","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/von-neumann-architecture","display_name":"von Neumann architecture","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-modifying-code","display_name":"self-modifying code","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/just-in-time-compilation","display_name":"just-in-time compilation","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairing-based-cryptography","display_name":"pairing-based cryptography","score":0.949999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8687573075294495},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43364308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8799","display_name":"Byte","level":2,"score":0.5859033465385437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.5551601648330688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15927051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q246593","display_name":"Cryptographic primitive","level":4,"score":0.5071284770965576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80469333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189088","display_name":"Von Neumann architecture","level":2,"score":0.5011909008026123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176329583","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191943","display_name":"Zero-knowledge proof","level":3,"score":0.47809645533561707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.43736255168914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201866948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228206","display_name":"Random number generation","level":2,"score":0.41739463806152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.38939368724823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.360712468624115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.32742005586624146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33884865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1254335","display_name":"Cryptographic protocol","level":3,"score":0.26984429359436035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.19847121834754944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2397856895","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.cs.tau.ac.il/~tromer/papers/vnsnark-20131230.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764847869","display_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4322614454"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cryptology ePrint Archive"],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IACR Cryptology ePrint Archive","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":81,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4180724","https://openalex.org/W104728622","https://openalex.org/W112550803","https://openalex.org/W117420330","https://openalex.org/W147290027","https://openalex.org/W152838131","https://openalex.org/W175430765","https://openalex.org/W1480225633","https://openalex.org/W1501115028","https://openalex.org/W1517725369","https://openalex.org/W1518871948","https://openalex.org/W1521660974","https://openalex.org/W1538440442","https://openalex.org/W1540469777","https://openalex.org/W1553871775","https://openalex.org/W1557386445","https://openalex.org/W1565378600","https://openalex.org/W1570820619","https://openalex.org/W1584670745","https://openalex.org/W1584915320","https://openalex.org/W1650855019","https://openalex.org/W1801647650","https://openalex.org/W1846967348","https://openalex.org/W1890128745","https://openalex.org/W1929617745","https://openalex.org/W1930567086","https://openalex.org/W1969514863","https://openalex.org/W1970580817","https://openalex.org/W1970808997","https://openalex.org/W1972442530","https://openalex.org/W1981663184","https://openalex.org/W1984680759","https://openalex.org/W2004814164","https://openalex.org/W2018746447","https://openalex.org/W2019578639","https://openalex.org/W2021553056","https://openalex.org/W2031533839","https://openalex.org/W2034710402","https://openalex.org/W2041068798","https://openalex.org/W2049982182","https://openalex.org/W2058213389","https://openalex.org/W2061171222","https://openalex.org/W2067596507","https://openalex.org/W2067700169","https://openalex.org/W2073220364","https://openalex.org/W2085025327","https://openalex.org/W2085938002","https://openalex.org/W2094556471","https://openalex.org/W2107561538","https://openalex.org/W2114296987","https://openalex.org/W2115148615","https://openalex.org/W2116136092","https://openalex.org/W2116653107","https://openalex.org/W2122825463","https://openalex.org/W2138736975","https://openalex.org/W2146099890","https://openalex.org/W2148352980","https://openalex.org/W2148634692","https://openalex.org/W2151163104","https://openalex.org/W2154290215","https://openalex.org/W2156708311","https://openalex.org/W2158553589","https://openalex.org/W2161508639","https://openalex.org/W2164960664","https://openalex.org/W2169657197","https://openalex.org/W2171337840","https://openalex.org/W2192481898","https://openalex.org/W2296489817","https://openalex.org/W2395622790","https://openalex.org/W2399911312","https://openalex.org/W2402869180","https://openalex.org/W2526015247","https://openalex.org/W2566289402","https://openalex.org/W2752853835","https://openalex.org/W2951337103","https://openalex.org/W2951379724","https://openalex.org/W2963893667","https://openalex.org/W2990399857","https://openalex.org/W3004929490","https://openalex.org/W3028987847","https://openalex.org/W3125294809"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1424543055","https://openalex.org/W7096242701","https://openalex.org/W3194893410","https://openalex.org/W7099631922","https://openalex.org/W3204049220","https://openalex.org/W3000195094","https://openalex.org/W4220748900","https://openalex.org/W3022540164","https://openalex.org/W6987474603","https://openalex.org/W7104699552"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,175],"design":[1,67],"and":[2,55,74,131,162,201],"build":[3],"a":[4,22,30,45,56,100,118,166],"system":[5,41,48,158,178],"that":[6,206],"enables":[7],"clients":[8],"to":[9,36,59,63,87,94,111,172,183,189],"verify":[10],"the":[11,33,85,96,109,135,173,238],"outputs":[12],"of":[13,52,68,143,152,194,219,228,237],"programs":[14,113,126,180,205],"executed":[15],"by":[16],"untrusted":[17],"servers.":[18],"A":[19],"server":[20],"provides":[21],"succinct":[23],"non-interactive":[24],"zero-knowledge":[25],"proof":[26,47,157],"(also":[27],"known":[28],"as":[29,79,115,145],"zk-SNARK),":[31],"which":[32,195],"client":[34],"verifies":[35],"ascertain":[37],"correct":[38],"execution.":[39],"The":[40,155],"has":[42],"two":[43],"components:":[44],"cryptographic":[46,156,169],"for":[49,117,179,187],"verifying":[50],"satisfiability":[51],"arithmetic":[53],"circuits,":[54],"circuit":[57,82],"generator":[58,83],"translate":[60],"program":[61,138],"executions":[62],"such":[64],"circuits.":[65],"Our":[66,81,210],"both":[69],"components":[70],"improves":[71,160],"in":[72,146],"functionality":[73],"efficiency":[75],"over":[76],"previous":[77],"work,":[78],"follows.":[80],"is":[84,107,140,233],"first":[86,110],"be":[88],"universal:":[89],"it":[90,203],"does":[91],"not":[92],"need":[93],"know":[95],"program,":[97],"but":[98],"only":[99],"bound":[101],"on":[102,137],"its":[103],"running":[104,186,241],"time.":[105,242],"It":[106],"also":[108],"support":[112],"expressed":[114],"code":[116],"von":[119],"Neumann":[120],"RISC":[121],"random-access":[122,199],"memory":[123],"architecture,":[124],"where":[125],"may":[127],"use":[128,207],"just-in-time":[129,208],"compilation":[130],"selfmodifying":[132],"code.":[133],"Moreover,":[134],"dependence":[136],"size":[139],"additive":[141],"(instead":[142],"multiplicative":[144],"prior":[147],"works),":[148],"allowing":[149],"efficient":[150],"verification":[151,163,231],"large":[153],"programs.":[154],"significantly":[159],"proving":[161],"times,":[164],"using":[165],"new":[167],"pairing-based":[168],"library":[170],"tailored":[171],"protocol.":[174],"evaluated":[176],"our":[177],"with":[181],"up":[182,188],"10,000":[184],"instructions,":[185],"32,000":[190],"machine":[191],"steps,":[192],"each":[193],"can":[196],"arbitrarily":[197],"access":[198],"memory;":[200],"demonstrated":[202],"executing":[204],"compilation.":[209],"proofs":[211],"are":[212],"230":[213],"bytes":[214,223],"long":[215,224],"at":[216,225],"80":[217],"bits":[218,227],"security,":[220],"or":[221],"288":[222],"128":[226],"security.":[229],"Typical":[230],"time":[232],"5":[234],"ms,":[235],"regardless":[236],"original":[239],"program\u2019s":[240]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}