{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397792900","doi":null,"title":"Factors Affecting Rural Households\u2019 Income Diversification: Case of Zoba Maekel, Eritrea","display_name":"Factors Affecting Rural Households\u2019 Income Diversification: Case of Zoba Maekel, Eritrea","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397792900","mag":"2397792900"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2397792900","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.openscienceonline.com/author/download?paperId=3201&stateId=8000&fileType=3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764408716","display_name":"American Journal of Business, Economics and Management","issn_l":"2381-4462","issn":["2381-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Business, Economics and Management","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052241049","display_name":"Ghirmai Tesfamariam Teame","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-5508","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0134-5508"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ghirmai Tesfamariam Teame","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007955544","display_name":"Tesfa-Yesus Mehary Woldu","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tesfa-Yesus Mehary Woldu","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88753418,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"7","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10367","display_name":"Agricultural Innovations and Practices","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1100","display_name":"General Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11886","display_name":"Agricultural risk and resilience","score":0.005499999970197678,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-income-diversification","display_name":"household income diversification","score":0.8849999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-households","display_name":"rural households","score":0.9229999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/off-farm-income","display_name":"off-farm income","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wage-employment","display_name":"wage employment","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/livestock-ownership","display_name":"livestock ownership","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-capital","display_name":"social capital","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-headed-households","display_name":"male-headed households","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-poverty-alleviation","display_name":"rural poverty alleviation","score":0.7329999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-development","display_name":"rural development","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-to-market","display_name":"distance to market","score":0.7319999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777388388","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6821213","display_name":"Wage","level":2,"score":0.653714120388031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.5990078449249268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1591167","display_name":"Household income","level":2,"score":0.5709941983222961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145236788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28161","display_name":"Labour economics","level":1,"score":0.5375919342041016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176564469","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117412","display_name":"Total personal income","level":5,"score":0.5097295641899109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.48371556401252747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63805789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1752134","display_name":"Net national income","level":5,"score":0.47882965207099915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780117336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5435555","display_name":"Farm income","level":3,"score":0.46930578351020813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.4620617628097534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180916674","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3711935","display_name":"Diversification (marketing strategy)","level":2,"score":0.4305281937122345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146406624","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1966857","display_name":"Unearned income","level":5,"score":0.4249190092086792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189326681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10294","display_name":"Poverty","level":2,"score":0.41974204778671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194477218","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6015073","display_name":"Income in kind","level":5,"score":0.41850847005844116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166866094","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1307251","display_name":"Tobit model","level":2,"score":0.4176393151283264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.377986341714859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172008318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3683077","display_name":"Gross income","level":4,"score":0.271831750869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.2559376358985901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.17936596274375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.1664721965789795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.16161009669303894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C551662922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2346630","display_name":"Tax reform","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100001284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2248246","display_name":"Public economics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74939039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603703","display_name":"State income tax","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2397792900","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.openscienceonline.com/author/download?paperId=3201&stateId=8000&fileType=3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764408716","display_name":"American Journal of Business, Economics and Management","issn_l":"2381-4462","issn":["2381-4462"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Business, Economics and Management","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"},{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"},{"score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109955581","https://openalex.org/W1985277860","https://openalex.org/W1986714427","https://openalex.org/W1999377953","https://openalex.org/W2019233851","https://openalex.org/W2019614040","https://openalex.org/W2042750568","https://openalex.org/W2097630771","https://openalex.org/W2117502148","https://openalex.org/W2125699157","https://openalex.org/W3121870670","https://openalex.org/W3125989779"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2889861110","https://openalex.org/W3040116648","https://openalex.org/W2101920160","https://openalex.org/W2998267291","https://openalex.org/W3095686963","https://openalex.org/W3181990407","https://openalex.org/W3133591830","https://openalex.org/W6907355475","https://openalex.org/W2103536466","https://openalex.org/W6963511059"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,18,29,177,195],"effects":[4,126,173],"of":[5,20,31,52,83,95,111,129,131,133,150,174,185,194],"internal":[6],"and":[7,17,54,57,66,85,108,146,157,166,187,208],"external":[8],"factors":[9],"on":[10,35,72,103,119,135,141,152,161,180],"total":[11,73],"household\u2019s":[12],"income":[13,25,65,79,104,120,136,142,153,162,181],"through":[14],"OLS":[15],"method":[16],"determinants":[19],"incomes":[21],"earned":[22],"from":[23,40,80,105,121,137,143,154,163,182],"various":[24],"generating":[26],"activities":[27,77],"with":[28,91,203],"help":[30],"Tobit":[32],"models,":[33],"based":[34],"household":[36,74,99,134],"level":[37],"survey":[38],"data":[39],"4":[41],"villages":[42],"in":[43,214],"Zoba":[44],"Maekel,":[45],"Eritrea.":[46],"The":[47,124,192],"study":[48],"revealed":[49],"that":[50],"ownership":[51],"irrigated":[53],"rain-fed":[55],"area":[56],"livestock":[58,92],"units;":[59],"human":[60],"capital;":[61,63],"social":[62],"off-farm":[64,158],"unearned":[67],"income,":[68,78],"have":[69],"positive":[70,101,125],"effect":[71,102,118],"income.":[75],"Regarding":[76],"any":[81,109,183],"kind":[82,110,184],"wage-employment":[84,87,107,186,189],"non-agricultural":[86,106,122,144,155,167,188],"are":[88,169,190,197],"negatively":[89],"related":[90],"possession.":[93],"Probability":[94],"being":[96],"male":[97],"headed":[98],"has":[100,115],"wage-employment,":[112],"while":[113],"it":[114],"a":[116],"negative":[117,172],"self-employment.":[123],"of:":[127],"years":[128],"schooling":[130],"head":[132],"off-farm;":[138],"adult":[139],"members":[140],"self-employment":[145,156],"crop":[147],"production;":[148],"number":[149],"dependents":[151],"employment;":[159],"risk":[160],"all":[164],"agricultural":[165],"wage-employments":[168],"documented.":[170],"Furthermore,":[171],"distance":[175],"to":[176,199,205],"nearest":[178],"market":[179],"found.":[191],"results":[193],"analyses":[196],"used":[198],"draw":[200],"policy":[201],"recommendations":[202],"respect":[204],"activity":[206],"diversification":[207],"rural":[209,216],"development":[210],"which":[211],"would":[212],"assist":[213],"alleviating":[215],"poverty.":[217]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-12T09:40:04.860316","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
