{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397734703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","title":"CE","display_name":"CE","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397734703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","mag":"2397734703","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26186472"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187216704","display_name":"AJN American Journal of Nursing","issn_l":"0002-936X","issn":["0002-936X","1538-7488"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJN, American Journal of Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028185737","display_name":"Barbra Mann Wall","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-5697","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6251-5697"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Barbra Mann Wall","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN's Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, wallbm@nursing.upenn.edu. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts","At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN's Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, wallbm@nursing.upenn.edu. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027628600","display_name":"Krist Dhurmah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Krist Dhurmah","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053418938","display_name":"Bassan Lamboni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bassan Lamboni,","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071272807","display_name":"Benson Edwinson Phiri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79576946","display_name":"University of Pennsylvania","ror":"https://ror.org/00b30xv10","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Benson Edwinson Phiri","raw_affiliation_strings":["At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"At the time of this writing, Barbra Mann Wall was an associate professor of nursing and the associate director of the Barbara Bates Center for the Study of the History of Nursing at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia. She also coordinates AJN\u2019s Looking Back column. Krist Dhurmah is a nurse with the Ministry of Health and Quality of Life in Forest Side, Mauritius. Bassan Lamboni is a nursing teacher at the National School of the Medical Auxiliaries of Lome, Togo, and a research officer in Togo's National Noncommunicable Disease Program. Benson Edwinson Phiri is a nurse and an officer in the National Organization of Nurses and Midwives of Malawi in Lilongwe, Malawi. This research was supported by a Faculty Pilot Award for the African Oral History Project by the University of Pennsylvania Research Committee and the Office for Nursing Research, Philadelphia. Contact author: Barbra Mann Wall, [email\u00a0protected]. The authors and planners have disclosed no potential conflicts of interest, financial or otherwise","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79576946"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.384,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85324459,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"115","issue":"8","first_page":"22","last_page":"32"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14316","display_name":"Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14316","display_name":"Nursing Education, Practice, and Leadership","score":0.6654999852180481,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2910","display_name":"Issues, ethics and legal aspects"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14395","display_name":"African history and culture studies","score":0.1420000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3314","display_name":"Anthropology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12778","display_name":"History of Medicine and Tropical Health","score":0.034299999475479126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1202","display_name":"History"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decolonization","display_name":"decolonization","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/colonial-nursing","display_name":"colonial nursing","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nursing-education","display_name":"nursing education","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-nurses","display_name":"Indigenous nurses","score":0.5580000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oral-history","display_name":"oral history","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-barriers","display_name":"language barriers","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-in-nursing","display_name":"gender in nursing","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mauritius","display_name":"Mauritius","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malawi","display_name":"Malawi","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/togo","display_name":"Togo","score":1.0}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779056439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q476713","display_name":"Expatriate","level":2,"score":0.7523549795150757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.67118901014328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780974818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q558929","display_name":"Oral history","level":2,"score":0.6424644589424133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C531593650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7167","display_name":"Colonialism","level":2,"score":0.60546875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135544838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q230533","display_name":"Decolonization","level":3,"score":0.5913490056991577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5174075365066528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113616995","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13378080","display_name":"Nurse education","level":2,"score":0.5157849788665771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35651441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625303","display_name":"Independence (probability theory)","level":2,"score":0.4661947786808014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.46266674995422363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.398813396692276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.36023208498954773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.33834734559059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3143988847732544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.260282039642334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.18866649270057678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.16335666179656982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000349","descriptor_name":"Africa","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004506","descriptor_name":"Education, Nursing","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007407","descriptor_name":"Interviews as Topic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009726","descriptor_name":"Nurses","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D033262","descriptor_name":"Narration","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D044383","descriptor_name":"Black People","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/01.naj.0000470396.61855.cd","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S187216704","display_name":"AJN American Journal of Nursing","issn_l":"0002-936X","issn":["0002-936X","1538-7488"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AJN, American Journal of Nursing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26186472","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26186472","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of nursing","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5676000118255615,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.4156000018119812,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1548272119","https://openalex.org/W2115978342","https://openalex.org/W4250363364","https://openalex.org/W4300135053","https://openalex.org/W3117805917","https://openalex.org/W2327675599","https://openalex.org/W2134095966","https://openalex.org/W2054405862","https://openalex.org/W2032839165","https://openalex.org/W4236510235"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"Much":[1],"of":[2,19,29,38,79,112,123,140,222,236],"African":[3,39,158,197,201],"history":[4],"has":[5,257],"been":[6,24],"written":[7],"by":[8,14],"colonial":[9,50,193],"\"masters\"":[10],"and":[11,44,55,65,81,101,105,115,127,131,151,154,175,177,188,209,240,242,246,269,272],"is":[12],"skewed":[13],"cultural":[15,243],"bias.":[16],"The":[17,27,83,181,216],"voices":[18],"indigenous":[20,152],"peoples":[21],"have":[22],"largely":[23],"ignored.":[25],"PURPOSE:":[26],"purpose":[28],"this":[30,204],"study":[31,69,205],"was":[32,86],"to":[33,60,136,170,196,211,267,276],"collect":[34],"the":[35,48,77,109,138,164,200,220],"oral":[36,87],"histories":[37,91,107],"nursing":[40,46,194,198,249,256],"leaders":[41,195],"who":[42],"studied":[43],"practiced":[45],"from":[47,94,98,192],"late":[49],"era":[51],"(1950s)":[52],"through":[53],"decolonization":[54,80],"independence":[56],"(1960s-70s),":[57],"in":[58,146,157,203],"order":[59],"better":[61,234],"understand":[62],"their":[63,213,278],"experiences":[64,160],"perspectives.":[66],"METHODS:":[67],"This":[68],"relied":[70],"on":[71],"historical":[72],"methodology,":[73],"grounded":[74],"specifically":[75],"within":[76],"context":[78],"independence.":[82],"method":[84],"used":[85],"history.":[88],"RESULTS:":[89],"Oral":[90],"were":[92,134,161,190],"collected":[93],"13":[95],"retired":[96],"nurses":[97,202],"Mauritius,":[99],"Malawi,":[100],"Togo.":[102],"Participants'":[103,230],"educational":[104,114,176],"work":[106],"bore":[108],"distinct":[110],"imprint":[111],"European":[113],"medical":[116],"norms.":[117],"Nursing":[118],"education":[119],"provided":[120],"a":[121,125,225,233,265,274],"means":[122,266],"earning":[124],"living":[126],"offered":[128],"professional":[129,270],"advancement":[130],"affirmation.":[132],"Participants":[133],"reluctant":[135],"discuss":[137],"influence":[139],"race,":[141],"but":[142],"several":[143],"recalled":[144],"difficulties":[145],"working":[147],"with":[148,168],"both":[149],"expatriate":[150],"physicians":[153],"matrons.":[155],"Differences":[156],"nurses'":[159],"evident":[162],"at":[163],"local":[165,248],"level,":[166],"particularly":[167],"regard":[169],"language":[171],"barriers,":[172],"gender-related":[173],"divisions,":[174],"practice":[178],"opportunities.":[179],"CONCLUSION:":[180],"data":[182],"show":[183],"that":[184,255],"although":[185],"institutional":[186],"models":[187,208],"ideas":[189,210],"transported":[191],"students,":[199],"adapted":[206],"those":[207],"meet":[212],"own":[214],"needs.":[215],"findings":[217],"also":[218,253],"support":[219],"use":[221],"storytelling":[223],"as":[224,264,273],"culturally":[226],"appropriate":[227],"research":[228],"method.":[229],"stories":[231,252],"provide":[232],"understanding":[235],"how":[237],"time,":[238],"place,":[239],"social":[241],"forces":[244],"influenced":[245],"affected":[247],"practices.":[250],"Their":[251],"reveal":[254],"held":[258],"various":[259],"meanings":[260],"for":[261],"participants,":[262],"including":[263],"personal":[268],"opportunities":[271],"way":[275],"help":[277],"countries'":[279],"citizens.":[280]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
