{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397587334","doi":null,"title":"Science behind total androgen blockade: from gene to combination therapy.","display_name":"Science behind total androgen blockade: from gene to combination therapy.","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397587334","mag":"2397587334","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8013153"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:8013153","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8013153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111984456","display_name":"Fernand Labrie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139308","display_name":"Centre hospitalier de l'Universit\u00e9 Laval","ror":"https://ror.org/041v96n47","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801902503","https://openalex.org/I4210139015","https://openalex.org/I4210139308","https://openalex.org/I4405257837","https://openalex.org/I4405279980"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Labrie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Medical Research Council Group in Molecular Endocrinology, CHUL Research Center, Qu\u00e9bec City, Qu\u00e9bec","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139308"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110344134","display_name":"A. B\u00e8langer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A B\u00e9langer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109200365","display_name":"A Dupont","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Dupont","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024593402","display_name":"Van Luu The","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V Luu-The","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058755438","display_name":"Jacques Simard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3390","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6906-3390"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Simard","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003484727","display_name":"Claude Labrie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C Labrie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.9243,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86435628,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"6","first_page":"475","last_page":"92"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10543","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10543","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Treatment and Research","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1306","display_name":"Cancer Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11146","display_name":"Hormonal and reproductive studies","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10124","display_name":"Prostate Cancer Diagnosis and Treatment","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/total-androgen-blockade","display_name":"total androgen blockade","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prostate-cancer","display_name":"prostate cancer","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dihydrotestosterone","display_name":"dihydrotestosterone","score":0.8830000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/androgen-biosynthesis","display_name":"androgen production","score":0.5910000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adrenal-androgen-production","display_name":"adrenal androgen production","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dehydroepiandrosterone","display_name":"dehydroepiandrosterone","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/17beta-hydroxysteroid-dehydrogenase","display_name":"17\u03b2-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5alpha-reductase","display_name":"5\u03b1-reductase","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/androgen-receptor","display_name":"androgen receptor","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiandrogen-therapy","display_name":"antiandrogen therapy","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orchiectomy","display_name":"orchiectomy","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gnrh-agonist","display_name":"GnRH agonist","score":0.906000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radical-prostatectomy","display_name":"radical prostatectomy","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/early-stage-prostate-cancer","display_name":"early-stage prostate cancer","score":0.6579999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780192828","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181257","display_name":"Prostate cancer","level":3,"score":0.7483702898025513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63263939","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3153691","display_name":"Intracrine","level":4,"score":0.7300388216972351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.6156126856803894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776992908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q408376","display_name":"Dehydroepiandrosterone","level":4,"score":0.6082473397254944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779881493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q411054","display_name":"Dihydrotestosterone","level":4,"score":0.6043248176574707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.5963812470436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779322244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q574820","display_name":"Antiandrogen","level":4,"score":0.5878273248672485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777911890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q62614","display_name":"Androgen","level":3,"score":0.554825484752655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5130850076675415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61367390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416601","display_name":"Androgen receptor","level":4,"score":0.5092498064041138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777899217","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4759439","display_name":"Androgen deprivation therapy","level":4,"score":0.4316953420639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C502942594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3421914","display_name":"Cancer research","level":1,"score":0.3559073805809021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121608353","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12078","display_name":"Cancer","level":2,"score":0.2807328701019287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.25169676542282104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2480238974094391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7876069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14873666","display_name":"Paracrine signalling","level":3,"score":0.053840965032577515}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000726","descriptor_name":"Androgen Antagonists","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000728","descriptor_name":"Androgens","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000728","descriptor_name":"Androgens","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003131","descriptor_name":"Combined Modality Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009919","descriptor_name":"Orchiectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011468","descriptor_name":"Prostatectomy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011471","descriptor_name":"Prostatic Neoplasms","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015316","descriptor_name":"Genetic Therapy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:8013153","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8013153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical and investigative medicine. Medecine clinique et experimentale","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2397587334","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8013153","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2404816601","https://openalex.org/W2396254206","https://openalex.org/W2417902728","https://openalex.org/W2046631216","https://openalex.org/W1968318802","https://openalex.org/W2407323255","https://openalex.org/W112736805","https://openalex.org/W2010612070","https://openalex.org/W2800817320","https://openalex.org/W2011255111"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Probably":[0],"the":[1,6,14,25,40,47,51,54,79,90,104,118,123,127,165,169,178,182,192,206,213],"most":[2,45,203],"important":[3,101],"finding":[4],"in":[5,89,172,177,198,212,222],"endocrine":[7],"therapy":[8,144,188],"of":[9,22,39,46,53,81,95,103,117,120,168,175,208,215],"prostate":[10,91,151,180,200],"cancer":[11,201],"is":[12,85,107],"that":[13,28],"testicles":[15,128],"and":[16,31,36,42,75,163],"adrenals":[17],"contribute":[18],"approximately":[19],"equal":[20],"amounts":[21],"dihydrotestosterone":[23],"(DHT),":[24],"active":[26],"androgen":[27,124],"stimulates":[29],"normal":[30],"cancerous":[32],"prostatic":[33],"cell":[34],"growth":[35],"function.":[37],"Structure":[38],"cDNAs":[41],"genes":[43],"encoding":[44],"enzymes":[48],"responsible":[49],"for":[50,114,191],"transformation":[52],"adrenal":[55,96,184],"precursor":[56],"dehydroepiandrosterone":[57],"(DHEA)":[58],"into":[59],"DHT":[60,84,121],"have":[61],"recently":[62,157],"been":[63],"elucidated,":[64],"namely":[65],"3":[66],"beta-hydroxysteroid":[67,73],"dehydrogenase/delta":[68],"5-delta":[69],"4":[70],"isomerase,":[71],"17":[72],"dehydrogenase,":[74],"5":[76],"alpha-reductase.":[77],"With":[78],"action":[80],"these":[82],"enzymes,":[83],"then":[86],"made":[87],"locally":[88],"from":[92,181],"circulating":[93],"DHEA":[94],"origin.":[97],"Given":[98],"such":[99],"an":[100],"role":[102],"adrenals,":[105],"it":[106],"essential":[108],"to":[109,148,195],"use":[110],"a":[111,136,209,216],"pure":[112],"antiandrogen":[113],"maximal":[115],"blockade":[116],"interaction":[119],"with":[122,135],"receptor":[125],"while":[126],"are":[129],"blocked":[130],"by":[131],"orchiectomy":[132],"or":[133,171],"treatment":[134],"luteinizing":[137],"hormone-releasing":[138],"hormone":[139],"(LHRH)":[140],"super-agonist.":[141],"This":[142],"combination":[143],"was":[145],"first":[146,193],"developed":[147],"treat":[149],"advanced":[150,199],"cancer.":[152],"The":[153],"multicenter":[154],"clinical":[155],"data":[156,162],"obtained":[158],"confirm":[159],"our":[160],"original":[161],"demonstrate":[164],"major":[166,210],"importance":[167],"intracrine":[170],"situ":[173],"formation":[174],"androgens":[176],"human":[179],"inactive":[183],"steroid":[185],"precursors.":[186],"Combination":[187],"thus":[189],"permits,":[190],"time,":[194],"prolong":[196],"life":[197],"and,":[202],"importantly,":[204],"offers":[205],"possibility":[207],"improvement":[211],"efficacy":[214],"curative":[217],"therapy,":[218],"namely,":[219],"radical":[220],"prostatectomy":[221],"early":[223],"stage":[224],"disease.":[225]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}