{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2397276437","doi":null,"title":"Evidence from the Introduction of Broadcast TV in the United States","display_name":"Evidence from the Introduction of Broadcast TV in the United States","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2397276437","mag":"2397276437"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2397276437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/wcfia/files/rcampante_media_polarization.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113499365","display_name":"Filipe R. Campante","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Filipe R. Campante","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020612130","display_name":"Daniel A. Hojman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Daniel Hojman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13718","display_name":"Media Influence and Politics","score":0.8148999810218811,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.17159999907016754,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10557","display_name":"Social Media and Politics","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcast-television","display_name":"broadcast television","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-exposure","display_name":"radio exposure","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-polarization","display_name":"political polarization","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extremist-ideology","display_name":"ideological extremism","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/legislators","display_name":"legislators","score":0.5360000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-environment","display_name":"media environment","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-motives","display_name":"political motivation","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-turnout","display_name":"voter turnout","score":0.824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elite-polarization","display_name":"elite polarization","score":0.6169999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-polarization","display_name":"mass polarization","score":0.8009999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158071213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7257","display_name":"Ideology","level":3,"score":0.8713690042495728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.7935321927070618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29122968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414816","display_name":"Incentive","level":2,"score":0.5936166048049927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779838221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7856080","display_name":"Turnout","level":4,"score":0.5912964940071106},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775987171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192797","display_name":"Elite","level":3,"score":0.5787941813468933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5489363074302673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.4955381155014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C558299567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11033","display_name":"Mass media","level":2,"score":0.41916099190711975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.3798462152481079},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.34605124592781067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.236586332321167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.19361063838005066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.17586377263069153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.10529658198356628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.08308941125869751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520049643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189760","display_name":"Voting","level":3,"score":0.0663745105266571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2397276437","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://projects.iq.harvard.edu/files/wcfia/files/rcampante_media_polarization.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.4641999900341034}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W14997025","https://openalex.org/W608952242","https://openalex.org/W1490287340","https://openalex.org/W1508942962","https://openalex.org/W1510681197","https://openalex.org/W1515424492","https://openalex.org/W1539897398","https://openalex.org/W1556185896","https://openalex.org/W1559198035","https://openalex.org/W1604494848","https://openalex.org/W1817124345","https://openalex.org/W1973871740","https://openalex.org/W1979672194","https://openalex.org/W1985949226","https://openalex.org/W1996844791","https://openalex.org/W2020454374","https://openalex.org/W2029126207","https://openalex.org/W2029493508","https://openalex.org/W2033780698","https://openalex.org/W2037668165","https://openalex.org/W2045117969","https://openalex.org/W2071946043","https://openalex.org/W2103146267","https://openalex.org/W2107992979","https://openalex.org/W2114628399","https://openalex.org/W2131244513","https://openalex.org/W2133517178","https://openalex.org/W2133689495","https://openalex.org/W2137029365","https://openalex.org/W2137395279","https://openalex.org/W2141598607","https://openalex.org/W2150725398","https://openalex.org/W2159251310","https://openalex.org/W2168402238","https://openalex.org/W2322834783","https://openalex.org/W3021924681","https://openalex.org/W3123703439","https://openalex.org/W3125370642","https://openalex.org/W4252240692"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1510864868","https://openalex.org/W7096806693","https://openalex.org/W7067449426","https://openalex.org/W7067546829","https://openalex.org/W2947938469","https://openalex.org/W2099324572","https://openalex.org/W1494689044","https://openalex.org/W1996496891","https://openalex.org/W2102968466","https://openalex.org/W7165100440"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"sheds":[2],"light":[3],"on":[4,122],"the":[5,15,21,31,70,75,80,93,96,104,108,132,136,159],"links":[6],"between":[7],"media":[8,62,76,97],"and":[9,110,124],"political":[10,101],"polarization":[11,114,117,123],"by":[12],"looking":[13],"at":[14],"introduction":[16],"of":[17,34,82,107,131,138,142],"broadcast":[18,28],"TV":[19,29],"in":[20,74,135,152],"US.":[22],"We":[23,37,49],"provide":[24],"causal":[25],"evidence":[26,121],"that":[27,40,57],"decreased":[30,47],"ideological":[32,84,105],"extremism":[33],"US":[35],"representatives.":[36],"then":[38],"show":[39],"exposure":[41,150],"to":[42,64,67],"radio":[43,149],"was":[44],"associated":[45,147],"with":[46,86,128,148,155],"polarization.":[48],"interpret":[50],"this":[51],"result":[52],"using":[53],"a":[54,129,156],"simple":[55],"framework":[56],"identies":[58],"two":[59],"channels":[60],"linking":[61],"environment":[63,77],"politicians\u2019":[65],"incentives":[66],"polarize.":[68],"First,":[69],"ideology":[71,133],"eect:":[72,95],"changes":[73],"may":[78,98],"aect":[79,99],"distribution":[81],"citizens\u2019":[83,100],"views,":[85],"politicians":[87],"moving":[88],"their":[89],"positions":[90],"accordingly.":[91],"Second,":[92],"motivation":[94,160],"motivation,":[102],"changing":[103],"composition":[106],"electorate":[109],"thereby":[111],"impacting":[112],"elite":[113],"while":[115],"mass":[116],"is":[118,126,151],"unchanged.":[119],"The":[120],"turnout":[125,146],"consistent":[127,154],"prevalence":[130],"eect":[134],"case":[137],"TV,":[139],"as":[140],"both":[141],"them":[143],"decreased.":[144],"Increased":[145],"turn":[153],"role":[157],"for":[158],"eect.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}