{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396833632","doi":null,"title":"Placebo in clinical drug trials--a multidisciplinary review.","display_name":"Placebo in clinical drug trials--a multidisciplinary review.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396833632","mag":"2396833632","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6750286"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6750286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6750286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062610941","display_name":"Glenn H\u00e6gerstam","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G Haegerstam","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109572030","display_name":"B. Huitfeldt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B Huitfeldt","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009867384","display_name":"Nilsson Bs","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"B S Nilsson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110158416","display_name":"Jan Sj\u00f6vall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J Sj\u00f6vall","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108517108","display_name":"Erkka K G Syv\u00e4lahti","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E Syv\u00e4lahti","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034678187","display_name":"Anita Wahl\u00e9n","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Wahl\u00e9n","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.35089119,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"4","first_page":"261","last_page":"78"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.5356000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10582","display_name":"Ethics in Clinical Research","score":0.4180000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12035","display_name":"Pain Management and Placebo Effect","score":0.02800000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/placebo","display_name":"placebo","score":0.8090000152587891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-drug-trials","display_name":"clinical drug trials","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/research-ethics","display_name":"research ethics","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trial-design","display_name":"trial design","score":0.5080000162124634}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.8763033151626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6336117386817932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22467394","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q849359","display_name":"Multidisciplinary approach","level":2,"score":0.5911030769348145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.5552291870117188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5276882648468018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992672634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Drug trial","level":3,"score":0.4858088493347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.47336336970329285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.3575708270072937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.19419240951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1249074637889862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.11597990989685059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.06602945923805237},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002986","descriptor_name":"Clinical Trials as Topic","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004305","descriptor_name":"Dose-Response Relationship, Drug","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004311","descriptor_name":"Double-Blind Method","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004351","descriptor_name":"Drug Resistance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004992","descriptor_name":"Ethics, Medical","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007258","descriptor_name":"Informed Consent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010919","descriptor_name":"Placebos","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011584","descriptor_name":"Psychology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012107","descriptor_name":"Research Design","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D064420","descriptor_name":"Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6750286","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6750286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Methods and findings in experimental and clinical pharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2396833632","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6750286","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3023661619","https://openalex.org/W2088847896","https://openalex.org/W2261717528","https://openalex.org/W272118408","https://openalex.org/W2468810678","https://openalex.org/W1974170500","https://openalex.org/W7097185330","https://openalex.org/W296803973","https://openalex.org/W2728221210","https://openalex.org/W4388359896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"use":[1,72,90],"of":[2,17,26,39,52,73,91],"placebo":[3,74,93],"in":[4,57,85],"controlled":[5],"clinical":[6],"trials":[7],"is":[8],"a":[9,54,58,92],"very":[10],"difficult":[11],"matter":[12],"from":[13],"an":[14],"ethical":[15,100],"point":[16],"view.":[18],"Scientifically":[19],"it":[20],"offers":[21],"probably":[22],"the":[23,37,43,50,71,89,99],"best":[24],"way":[25],"obtaining":[27,53],"fast":[28],"and":[29,79],"valid":[30],"conclusions,":[31],"thus":[32],"promoting":[33],"medical":[34],"progress":[35],"for":[36],"benefit":[38],"future":[40],"patients.":[41],"On":[42],"other":[44,80],"hand,":[45],"some":[46],"patients":[47],"may":[48],"stand":[49],"risk":[51],"suboptimal":[55],"therapy":[56],"placebo-controlled":[59],"trial.":[60],"In":[61],"general,":[62],"this":[63],"latter":[64],"aspect":[65],"must":[66],"be":[67,77,96,103],"given":[68],"precedence.":[69],"Therefore":[70],"control":[75,81,94],"should":[76],"minimized":[78],"methods":[82],"encouraged.":[83],"However,":[84],"certain":[86],"well-defined":[87],"instances":[88],"can":[95,102],"justified,":[97],"provided":[98],"implications":[101],"handled.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
