{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396711085","doi":null,"title":"Ambulatory medical care among adult black Americans: the hospital emergency room.","display_name":"Ambulatory medical care among adult black Americans: the hospital emergency room.","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396711085","mag":"2396711085","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3712465","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571278"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2571278","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571278","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034346261","display_name":"Harold W. Neighbors","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-9883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5162-9883"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"H W Neighbors","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Behavior and Health Education"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Behavior and Health Education","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5034346261"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9609,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95227844,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"78","issue":"4","first_page":"275","last_page":"82"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11095","display_name":"Emergency and Acute Care Studies","score":0.9814000129699707,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2711","display_name":"Emergency Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10235","display_name":"Health disparities and outcomes","score":0.008500000461935997,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3306","display_name":"Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10391","display_name":"Healthcare Policy and Management","score":0.004399999976158142,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/emergency-department-use","display_name":"emergency department utilization","score":0.6940000057220459},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/african-americans","display_name":"African Americans","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ambulatory-care-utilization","display_name":"ambulatory care utilization","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociodemographic-factors","display_name":"sociodemographic factors","score":0.746999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income","display_name":"income","score":0.6809999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unemployment","display_name":"unemployment","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/insurance-coverage","display_name":"insurance coverage","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urban-poor","display_name":"urban poor","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illness-behavior","display_name":"illness behavior","score":0.8500000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/health-care-delivery","display_name":"health care delivery","score":0.5669999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776269092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1611074","display_name":"Residence","level":2,"score":0.8234719038009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6464242339134216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780724011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency department","level":2,"score":0.5484524369239807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38180746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.47488778829574585},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35785553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q756720","display_name":"Ambulatory","level":2,"score":0.47156378626823425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64341305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4919225","display_name":"Bivariate analysis","level":2,"score":0.4496680498123169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.4319496750831604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908607107","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1295316","display_name":"Emergency rooms","level":2,"score":0.4259587228298187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.42457693815231323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160735492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q31207","display_name":"Health care","level":2,"score":0.4151993989944458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3562312126159668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C545542383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2751242","display_name":"Medical emergency","level":1,"score":0.3378053307533264},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.1419091820716858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000367","descriptor_name":"Age Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001741","descriptor_name":"Black or African American","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004636","descriptor_name":"Emergency Service, Hospital","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012959","descriptor_name":"Socioeconomic Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2571278","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:3712465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3712465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the National Medical Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2396711085","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/3712465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2571278","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2571278","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Natl Med Assoc","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9763000011444092},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.9629999995231628}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W18253407","https://openalex.org/W105758498","https://openalex.org/W1516317719","https://openalex.org/W1987524575","https://openalex.org/W2017992178","https://openalex.org/W2022230739","https://openalex.org/W2026167907","https://openalex.org/W2043076205","https://openalex.org/W2045087372","https://openalex.org/W2133957610","https://openalex.org/W2135534862","https://openalex.org/W2138776698","https://openalex.org/W2163966504","https://openalex.org/W2180624590","https://openalex.org/W2272788817","https://openalex.org/W2333040592","https://openalex.org/W2405996718","https://openalex.org/W2412119267"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007173892","https://openalex.org/W2435025745","https://openalex.org/W1977446673","https://openalex.org/W2083355443","https://openalex.org/W4411276215","https://openalex.org/W2152872181","https://openalex.org/W2409878331","https://openalex.org/W7097911766","https://openalex.org/W4205668972","https://openalex.org/W1557351875"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"sociodemographic":[4],"factors":[5],"(income,":[6],"education,":[7,59],"employment":[8],"status,":[9],"age,":[10],"gender,":[11],"insurance":[12,60],"coverage,":[13,61],"and":[14,47,62,99,108,139],"place":[15,63],"of":[16,23,36,64,79,90,127,144],"residence)":[17],"are":[18,147],"related":[19,68],"to":[20,53,69,81,112,134],"the":[21,55,77,87,95,106,114,135,140],"use":[22,54,113],"hospital":[24],"emergency":[25,56,70,115],"rooms":[26],"for":[27,130],"serious":[28],"personal":[29],"problems":[30],"in":[31],"a":[32],"nationally":[33],"representative":[34],"sample":[35],"adult":[37],"black":[38,137,145],"Americans.":[39],"Bivariate":[40],"analyses":[41,74],"indicated":[42],"that":[43,76],"low":[44],"income,":[45],"unemployed,":[46],"older":[48],"respondents":[49],"were":[50,66,121],"most":[51],"likely":[52,104],"room.":[57],"Gender,":[58],"residence":[65],"not":[67],"room":[71,116],"use.":[72],"Multivariate":[73],"revealed":[75],"relationship":[78],"age":[80],"utilization":[82],"could":[83],"be":[84],"explained":[85],"by":[86],"high":[88],"prevalence":[89],"physical":[91],"health":[92,131],"complaints":[93],"among":[94],"old.":[96],"The":[97,125],"poor":[98,138],"unemployed":[100],"remained":[101],"significantly":[102],"more":[103],"(than":[105],"non-poor":[107],"those":[109],"with":[110],"jobs)":[111],"when":[117],"all":[118],"other":[119],"predictors":[120],"taken":[122],"into":[123],"account.":[124],"implications":[126],"these":[128],"findings":[129],"services":[132],"delivery":[133],"urban":[136],"general":[141],"illness":[142],"behavior":[143],"Americans":[146],"discussed.":[148]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}