{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396652156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","title":"Who Are You? A Statistical Approach to Measuring User Authenticity","display_name":"Who Are You? A Statistical Approach to Measuring User Authenticity","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396652156","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","mag":"2396652156"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420590","display_name":"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2016 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006608692","display_name":"David Mandell Freeman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-5259","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1346-5259","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7777-7569"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Freeman","raw_affiliation_strings":["LinkedIn Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LinkedIn Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101534253","display_name":"Sakshi Jain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-9280","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7046-9280"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sakshi Jain","raw_affiliation_strings":["LinkedIn Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LinkedIn Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110236021","display_name":"Markus D\u00fcrmuth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-3723","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5048-3723"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1316064682","display_name":"LinkedIn (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/02fyxhe35","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1290206253","https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Markus Duermuth","raw_affiliation_strings":["LinkedIn Corporation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"LinkedIn Corporation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1316064682"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008367647","display_name":"Battista Biggio","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-509X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7752-509X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE","IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Battista Biggio","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari","Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075367917","display_name":"Giorgio Giacinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-3017","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5759-3017"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","display_name":"University of Cagliari","ror":"https://ror.org/003109y17","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giorgio Giacinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e0 di Cagliari","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":12.0383,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":125,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99149326,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.000699999975040555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/user-authentication","display_name":"user authentication","score":0.8709999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/password-authentication","display_name":"password authentication","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-factor-authentication","display_name":"multi-factor authentication","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linkedin","display_name":"LinkedIn","score":0.3840000033378601}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6749244332313538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.39979472756385803}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420590","display_name":"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2016 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unica.it:11584/133076","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11584/133076","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196293","display_name":"UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172446870","host_organization_name":"University of Cagliari","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172446870"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferencePaper"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","pdf_url":"https://doi.org/10.14722/ndss.2016.23240","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306420590","display_name":"Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2016 Network and Distributed System Security Symposium","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2396652156.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2396652156.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9657784","https://openalex.org/W12010980","https://openalex.org/W58039618","https://openalex.org/W167157979","https://openalex.org/W821002660","https://openalex.org/W1499649544","https://openalex.org/W1534968492","https://openalex.org/W1548573590","https://openalex.org/W1578352865","https://openalex.org/W1648885110","https://openalex.org/W1882350379","https://openalex.org/W1884689072","https://openalex.org/W1896997982","https://openalex.org/W1931604409","https://openalex.org/W1976081290","https://openalex.org/W2007488200","https://openalex.org/W2007562169","https://openalex.org/W2018061979","https://openalex.org/W2050296478","https://openalex.org/W2053030258","https://openalex.org/W2064327548","https://openalex.org/W2073342447","https://openalex.org/W2086553822","https://openalex.org/W2095577883","https://openalex.org/W2097860933","https://openalex.org/W2097927681","https://openalex.org/W2103154003","https://openalex.org/W2103487156","https://openalex.org/W2112507308","https://openalex.org/W2114296159","https://openalex.org/W2125908420","https://openalex.org/W2134080857","https://openalex.org/W2135359429","https://openalex.org/W2136885397","https://openalex.org/W2144906988","https://openalex.org/W2149929743","https://openalex.org/W2151298633","https://openalex.org/W2157245832","https://openalex.org/W2158195707","https://openalex.org/W2162552722","https://openalex.org/W2167421362","https://openalex.org/W2171920515","https://openalex.org/W2207835792","https://openalex.org/W2293768274","https://openalex.org/W2296452361","https://openalex.org/W2402124760","https://openalex.org/W2557220780","https://openalex.org/W2582743722","https://openalex.org/W4230579564","https://openalex.org/W4230946174","https://openalex.org/W6949671477"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132651956","https://openalex.org/W2353824974","https://openalex.org/W1980015812","https://openalex.org/W6990938361","https://openalex.org/W1572733838","https://openalex.org/W7098424706","https://openalex.org/W3136654045","https://openalex.org/W2738481222","https://openalex.org/W4285231999","https://openalex.org/W7097306415"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Passwords":[0],"are":[1],"used":[2],"for":[3,119,128],"user":[4,42,120],"authentication":[5,39,86],"by":[6,82,95,176],"almost":[7],"every":[8],"Internet":[9,99],"service":[10,75],"today,":[11],"despite":[12],"a":[13,56,96,116,125,135,153,169,183,190,198],"number":[14,57,97],"of":[15,58,69,98,115,155,171,186,193],"wellknown":[16],"weaknesses.Numerous":[17],"attempts":[18,48],"to":[19,32,36,45],"replace":[20],"passwords":[21],"have":[22,92,102],"failed,":[23],"in":[24],"part":[25],"because":[26],"changing":[27,41],"users'":[28],"behavior":[29],"has":[30],"proven":[31],"be":[33,142,174],"difficult.One":[34],"approach":[35],"strengthening":[37],"password-based":[38],"without":[40],"experience":[43],"is":[44],"classify":[46],"login":[47,131,157],"into":[49],"normal":[50],"and":[51,67,166],"suspicious":[52,72,130],"activity":[53],"based":[54],"on":[55,145,152,181],"parameters":[59],"such":[60,197],"as":[61,161,163],"source":[62],"IP,":[63],"geo-location,":[64],"browser":[65],"configuration,":[66],"time":[68],"day.For":[70],"the":[71,74,111,203],"attempts,":[73],"can":[76,141,173],"then":[77],"require":[78],"additional":[79,84,178],"verification,":[80],"e.g.,":[81],"an":[83],"phone-based":[85],"step.Systems":[87],"working":[88],"along":[89],"these":[90],"principles":[91],"been":[93,104],"deployed":[94],"services":[100],"but":[101],"never":[103],"studied":[105],"publicly.In":[106],"this":[107],"work,":[108],"we":[109],"perform":[110],"first":[112],"public":[113],"evaluation":[114],"classification":[117],"system":[118,151],"authentication.In":[121],"particular:(i)":[122],"We":[123,133,148,188],"develop":[124,134],"statistical":[126],"framework":[127],"identifying":[129],"attempts.(ii)":[132],"fully":[136],"functional":[137],"prototype":[138],"implementation":[139],"that":[140,168],"evaluated":[143],"efficiently":[144],"large":[146],"datasets.(iii)":[147],"validate":[149],"our":[150],"sample":[154],"real-life":[156],"data":[158],"from":[159],"LinkedIn":[160],"well":[162],"simulated":[164],"attacks,":[165],"demonstrate":[167],"majority":[170],"attacks":[172],"prevented":[175],"imposing":[177],"verification":[179],"steps":[180],"only":[182],"small":[184],"fraction":[185],"users.(iv)":[187],"provide":[189],"systematic":[191],"study":[192],"possible":[194],"attackers":[195,201],"against":[196],"system,":[199],"including":[200],"targeting":[202],"classifier":[204],"itself.":[205]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":11}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}