{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396632876","doi":null,"title":"Prospects for human monoclonal antibodies: a critical perspective.","display_name":"Prospects for human monoclonal antibodies: a critical perspective.","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396632876","mag":"2396632876","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6295006","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2596444"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:6295006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6295006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Yale journal of biology and medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2596444/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019900553","display_name":"N A Brown","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"N A Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5019900553"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5086,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59036644,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","first_page":"297","last_page":"303"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11016","display_name":"Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10031","display_name":"T-cell and B-cell Immunology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12576","display_name":"vaccines and immunoinformatics approaches","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-monoclonal-antibodies","display_name":"human monoclonal antibodies","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigenic-variation","display_name":"antigenic variation","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-specificity","display_name":"antibody specificity","score":0.46000000834465027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monoclonal-antibody-development","display_name":"monoclonal antibody development","score":0.6850000023841858}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542903549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422248","display_name":"Monoclonal antibody","level":3,"score":0.9266445636749268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159654299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79460","display_name":"Antibody","level":2,"score":0.6110911965370178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147483822","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q103537","display_name":"Antigen","level":2,"score":0.5814850330352783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.48447704315185547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4705025851726532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.46858543157577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163864487","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6901461","display_name":"Monoclonal","level":4,"score":0.4460518956184387},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.44295981526374817},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.328463613986969},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2879064083099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000595","descriptor_name":"Amino Acid Sequence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000911","descriptor_name":"Antibodies, Monoclonal","qualifier_ui":"Q000276","qualifier_name":"immunology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000916","descriptor_name":"Antibody Diversity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000918","descriptor_name":"Antibody Specificity","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001666","descriptor_name":"Binding Sites, Antibody","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002459","descriptor_name":"Cell Fusion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002472","descriptor_name":"Cell Transformation, Viral","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004274","descriptor_name":"DNA, Recombinant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004854","descriptor_name":"Herpesvirus 4, Human","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005796","descriptor_name":"Genes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006825","descriptor_name":"Hybridomas","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007135","descriptor_name":"Immunoglobulin Variable Region","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:6295006","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6295006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Yale journal of biology and medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2596444","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2596444/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yale J Biol Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.359.533","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.359.533","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/4b/9e/Yale_J_Biol_Med_1982_May-Aug_55(3-4)_297-303.tar.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2396632876","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/6295006","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2596444","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC2596444/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Yale J Biol Med","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591411036","https://openalex.org/W1612642320","https://openalex.org/W1709053400","https://openalex.org/W1737898466","https://openalex.org/W1965363328","https://openalex.org/W1979518464","https://openalex.org/W1985042354","https://openalex.org/W2000647388","https://openalex.org/W2017460163","https://openalex.org/W2021998439","https://openalex.org/W2039499437","https://openalex.org/W2057141478","https://openalex.org/W2065327430","https://openalex.org/W2069490422","https://openalex.org/W2077951663","https://openalex.org/W2085369521","https://openalex.org/W2086613923","https://openalex.org/W2127552260","https://openalex.org/W2180581282","https://openalex.org/W4239489329"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2468039811","https://openalex.org/W7097459524","https://openalex.org/W2410362052","https://openalex.org/W2113125312","https://openalex.org/W1998192351","https://openalex.org/W2418114228","https://openalex.org/W2514399516","https://openalex.org/W2790826649","https://openalex.org/W2397577058","https://openalex.org/W7124476036"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monoclonal":[0],"antibodies":[1,77],"have":[2,21],"proved":[3],"useful":[4],"in":[5,46,59],"detecting":[6],"antigenic":[7],"variation":[8],"at":[9],"single":[10],"determinant":[11],"sites":[12],"on":[13],"complex":[14],"antigens,":[15],"a":[16,23,27,32,82],"fact":[17],"which":[18],"seems":[19],"to":[20],"engendered":[22],"common":[24],"misperception":[25],"that":[26,40,51],"monoclonal":[28,76,90],"antibody":[29,42],"is":[30],"necessarily":[31],"\"monospecific\"":[33],"agent.":[34],"Yet":[35],"there":[36],"exists":[37],"considerable":[38],"evidence":[39],"individual":[41],"molecules":[43],"are":[44,78],"multispecific":[45],"their":[47],"binding":[48],"capabilities,":[49],"and":[50,56],"the":[52,73],"amount":[53],"of":[54,69,75,85],"functional":[55],"genetic":[57],"redundancy":[58],"mammalian":[60],"immune":[61],"systems":[62],"may":[63],"be":[64],"quite":[65],"large.":[66],"The":[67],"implications":[68],"this":[70],"data":[71],"for":[72],"future":[74],"emphasized,":[79],"along":[80],"with":[81],"brief":[83],"review":[84],"present":[86],"progress":[87],"toward":[88],"human":[89],"antibodies.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}