{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396628852","doi":null,"title":"Use of liposomes and cytokines as immunological adjuvants in vaccines","display_name":"Use of liposomes and cytokines as immunological adjuvants in vaccines","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396628852","mag":"2396628852"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/604023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/604023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"volume":null,"type":"dissertation","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/604023","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027443646","display_name":"Mayda G\u00fcrsel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-9054","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-9054"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mayda G\u00fcrsel","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0044-9054","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5027443646"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10580","display_name":"Immunotherapy and Immune Responses","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13410","display_name":"Immune responses and vaccinations","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10063","display_name":"Nanoparticle-Based Drug Delivery","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2502","display_name":"Biomaterials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liposomes","display_name":"liposomes","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cytokines","display_name":"cytokines","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immunoadjuvant","display_name":"immunoadjuvant","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxoid","display_name":"tetanus toxoid","score":0.9269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antigen-encapsulation","display_name":"antigen encapsulation","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covalent-conjugation","display_name":"covalent conjugation","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/macrophage-targeting","display_name":"macrophage targeting","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/giant-vesicles","display_name":"giant vesicles","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-carriers","display_name":"vaccine carriers","score":0.777999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibody-binding","display_name":"antibody binding","score":0.4699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interleukin-2","display_name":"interleukin-2","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-12","display_name":"IL-12","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/il-15","display_name":"IL-15","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vaccine-adjuvants","display_name":"vaccine adjuvants","score":0.6539999842643738}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185154212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410454","display_name":"Liposome","level":2,"score":0.5943245887756348},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020289777","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q967453","display_name":"Vaccine adjuvant","level":3,"score":0.5695912837982178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.5351517796516418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4465731978416443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777863537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q357896","display_name":"Adjuvant","level":2,"score":0.44298475980758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.3648679852485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3019844889640808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/604023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/604023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10104848","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10104848/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral thesis, UCL (University College London).","raw_type":"Thesis"},{"id":"mag:2396628852","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://europepmc.org/theses/ETH/338640","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:hdl:10068/604023","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10068/604023","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196900","display_name":"OpenGrey (Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1295345811","host_organization_name":"Institut de l'Information Scientifique et Technique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295345811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"U - Thesis"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":110,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4096303","https://openalex.org/W156379113","https://openalex.org/W184474482","https://openalex.org/W239283562","https://openalex.org/W621843872","https://openalex.org/W658051543","https://openalex.org/W1240020325","https://openalex.org/W1499917311","https://openalex.org/W1513969932","https://openalex.org/W1514081838","https://openalex.org/W1524238148","https://openalex.org/W1532003927","https://openalex.org/W1546840480","https://openalex.org/W1562725259","https://openalex.org/W1565032209","https://openalex.org/W1566680641","https://openalex.org/W1567604499","https://openalex.org/W1631611187","https://openalex.org/W1656968650","https://openalex.org/W1666036133","https://openalex.org/W1950893299","https://openalex.org/W1963895695","https://openalex.org/W1967412705","https://openalex.org/W1970502718","https://openalex.org/W1970623056","https://openalex.org/W1974810266","https://openalex.org/W1975047479","https://openalex.org/W1976251608","https://openalex.org/W1976374552","https://openalex.org/W1977437107","https://openalex.org/W1978169552","https://openalex.org/W1978922728","https://openalex.org/W1981920349","https://openalex.org/W1982966474","https://openalex.org/W1984916331","https://openalex.org/W1987016173","https://openalex.org/W1989894465","https://openalex.org/W1991042939","https://openalex.org/W1991831908","https://openalex.org/W1996547258","https://openalex.org/W2001157471","https://openalex.org/W2003696670","https://openalex.org/W2006073656","https://openalex.org/W2013009465","https://openalex.org/W2016325703","https://openalex.org/W2017291374","https://openalex.org/W2022834751","https://openalex.org/W2024845593","https://openalex.org/W2029455598","https://openalex.org/W2030520158","https://openalex.org/W2037061225","https://openalex.org/W2041837435","https://openalex.org/W2046865745","https://openalex.org/W2050980291","https://openalex.org/W2051169970","https://openalex.org/W2053863608","https://openalex.org/W2056859114","https://openalex.org/W2057509411","https://openalex.org/W2057613611","https://openalex.org/W2061847729","https://openalex.org/W2063968553","https://openalex.org/W2064100334","https://openalex.org/W2065774100","https://openalex.org/W2067510166","https://openalex.org/W2069695308","https://openalex.org/W2070101126","https://openalex.org/W2075465350","https://openalex.org/W2076311391","https://openalex.org/W2077915163","https://openalex.org/W2079806280","https://openalex.org/W2082158876","https://openalex.org/W2083549635","https://openalex.org/W2083746852","https://openalex.org/W2086309687","https://openalex.org/W2087447104","https://openalex.org/W2087804862","https://openalex.org/W2091064926","https://openalex.org/W2091285513","https://openalex.org/W2093353723","https://openalex.org/W2094342978","https://openalex.org/W2094649168","https://openalex.org/W2095835949","https://openalex.org/W2102156468","https://openalex.org/W2104439753","https://openalex.org/W2113088552","https://openalex.org/W2114918609","https://openalex.org/W2116628043","https://openalex.org/W2117173150","https://openalex.org/W2125010485","https://openalex.org/W2128635872","https://openalex.org/W2128725097","https://openalex.org/W2134927627","https://openalex.org/W2153639301","https://openalex.org/W2155591315","https://openalex.org/W2157363396","https://openalex.org/W2161916137","https://openalex.org/W2166825878","https://openalex.org/W2169114068","https://openalex.org/W2170658377","https://openalex.org/W2181678170","https://openalex.org/W2324325421","https://openalex.org/W2341841412","https://openalex.org/W2399434175","https://openalex.org/W2399625103","https://openalex.org/W2403436972","https://openalex.org/W2416298369","https://openalex.org/W2417295117","https://openalex.org/W2418371107","https://openalex.org/W2468423585","https://openalex.org/W3025036998"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410193361","https://openalex.org/W1979247214","https://openalex.org/W2018571037","https://openalex.org/W2064070908","https://openalex.org/W1991831908","https://openalex.org/W2022426618","https://openalex.org/W3021233500","https://openalex.org/W2405529546","https://openalex.org/W2340292413","https://openalex.org/W2062661419"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,49,112],"potential":[1,89],"of":[2,6,32,46,59,90,114,123,161,168,173,240],"liposomes":[3,36,132],"and":[4,69,104,153,206],"some":[5],"the":[7,44,47,60,88,131,159,165,169,171,183,187,234],"cytokines":[8,176],"as":[9,93,133,222,243],"immunological":[10],"adjuvants":[11],"was":[12,51,102,125,148,192,197,219],"investigated":[13],"throughout":[14],"this":[15],"thesis.":[16],"Preliminary":[17],"experiments":[18,129],"involved":[19],"dose":[20],"response":[21],"studies":[22,80],"with":[23,35,72,109,138,143,225],"free":[24],"or":[25,40,84,135,199],"liposomally":[26],"associated":[27],"tetanus":[28,190],"toxoid.":[29],"Two":[30],"methods":[31],"antigen":[33,61,189],"association":[34],"were":[37,76,141,208],"used:":[38],"encapsulation":[39],"covalent":[41],"coupling":[42],"to":[43,56,62,106,117,181,186,202],"surface":[45],"vesicles.":[48,111],"toxoid":[50,191],"also":[52,126,209,220],"mannosylated":[53],"in":[54,78,81,128,150,177,211],"order":[55],"augment":[57],"targeting":[58],"macrophages.":[63],"A":[64],"low":[65],"mannose:protein":[66],"containing":[67],"product":[68],"another":[70],"one":[71],"higher":[73],"mannose":[74],"content":[75],"used":[77,210,221],"immunization":[79],"free,":[82],"entrapped":[83,198],"surface-linked":[85],"forms.":[86],"Next,":[87],"giant":[91],"vesicles":[92],"multiple":[94],"vaccine":[95],"carriers":[96,116],"for":[97,158],"particulate":[98],"and/or":[99],"soluble":[100],"antigens":[101],"analyzed":[103],"compared":[105],"results":[107],"obtained":[108],"dehydration-rehydration":[110],"ability":[113,172],"both":[115],"protect":[118],"their":[119],"contents":[120],"from":[121,233],"binding":[122],"antibodies":[124],"assessed":[127],"where":[130],"such":[134],"after":[136],"treatment":[137],"Triton":[139],"X-100":[140],"incubated":[142],"FITC-labelled":[144],"anti-spore":[145],"IgG":[146],"that":[147],"raised":[149],"rabbit,":[151],"washed":[152],"observed":[154],"under":[155],"fluorescence":[156],"microscope":[157],"presence":[160],"antigen-antibody":[162],"interaction.":[163],"In":[164],"other":[166],"half":[167],"thesis,":[170],"four":[174],"different":[175,216,245],"various":[178,212],"liposomal":[179,213],"formulations":[180],"potentiate":[182],"immune":[184],"responses":[185],"model":[188],"assessed.":[193],"IL-1\u03b2":[194],"(163-171)":[195],"peptide":[196,229],"covalently":[200],"coupled":[201],"liposomes.":[203],"IL-2,":[204],"IL-12":[205],"IL-15":[207],"preparations":[214],"at":[215],"dosages.":[217],"IL-2":[218],"a":[223,226,244],"co-adjuvant":[224],"synthetic":[227],"lipidic":[228],"carrier":[230],"systen":[231],"derived":[232],"variable":[235],"outer":[236],"membrane":[237],"protein":[238],"region":[239],"Chlamydia":[241],"trachomatis":[242],"antigen.":[246]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}