{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396400170","doi":null,"title":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 with alpha-interferon in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study.","display_name":"Treatment of chronic hepatitis C genotype 4 with alpha-interferon in Saudi Arabia: a multicenter study.","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396400170","mag":"2396400170","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9638433"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:9638433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9638433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepato-gastroenterology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108807492","display_name":"Faleh Z. Al-Faleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28022161","display_name":"King Saud University","ror":"https://ror.org/02f81g417","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Z al-Faleh","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28022161"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003980218","display_name":"Fayiz Sbeih","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F Sbeih","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108353533","display_name":"Mohamed Ali Al-Karawi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M al-Karawi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111432341","display_name":"Ibrahim Abdulkarim Al-Mofleh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I A al-Mofleh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113734142","display_name":"Rashed S. Al-Rashed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R S al-Rashed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110395042","display_name":"Ayobanji E. Ayoola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A Ayoola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058983071","display_name":"Soaad Alamri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6302-5013","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0002-6302-5013"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S al-Amri","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084731385","display_name":"I. Mayet","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I Mayet","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070897886","display_name":"T. M. Al-Habbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T M al-Habbal","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067158522","display_name":"A. Al-Omair","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-3250","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0917-3250"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A al-Omair","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110300712","display_name":"Mohammed O. Al-Sohaibani","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M O al-Sohaibani","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104885846","display_name":"Abdulkader Abdullah","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A O Abdullah","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109306588","display_name":"Salwa. Mohamed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S A Mohamed","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108555240","display_name":"M Elsheikh","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M A el-Sheikh","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4946,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71472393,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"20","first_page":"488","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10276","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2715","display_name":"Gastroenterology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hepatitis-c","display_name":"chronic hepatitis C","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-genotype-4","display_name":"HCV genotype 4","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-alpha","display_name":"interferon-alpha","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiviral-treatment-response","display_name":"antiviral treatment response","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duration-of-infection","display_name":"infection duration","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sustained-virologic-response","display_name":"sustained virological response","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/saudi-patients","display_name":"Saudi patients","score":0.49300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arab-patients","display_name":"Arab patients","score":0.6499999761581421}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8199179768562317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.807165265083313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.703410804271698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6400358080863953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.5803866386413574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020491458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Chronic hepatitis","level":3,"score":0.561489999294281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.5526705384254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909179924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046488","display_name":"Alpha interferon","level":3,"score":0.5455427169799805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.5416711568832397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992435398","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6934595","display_name":"Multicenter study","level":3,"score":0.5017988681793213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4226568341255188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.27508866786956787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.07828271389007568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.07517492771148682},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077190","descriptor_name":"Interferon alpha-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008103","descriptor_name":"Liver Cirrhosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012529","descriptor_name":"Saudi Arabia","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016174","descriptor_name":"Hepacivirus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016896","descriptor_name":"Treatment Outcome","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016898","descriptor_name":"Interferon-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019698","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019698","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000628","qualifier_name":"therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019698","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000821","qualifier_name":"virology","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:9638433","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9638433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepato-gastroenterology","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"},{"id":"mag:2396400170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9638433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial","display_name":"Clinical Trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2417707955","https://openalex.org/W2411597359","https://openalex.org/W2097932782","https://openalex.org/W1633992372","https://openalex.org/W1997859153","https://openalex.org/W1987266599","https://openalex.org/W2050318447","https://openalex.org/W1995326699","https://openalex.org/W425416732","https://openalex.org/W2119661624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND/AIM:":[0],"Several":[1],"studies":[2],"have":[3],"indicated":[4,90],"that":[5],"there":[6],"are":[7,125],"certain":[8],"predictive":[9],"factors":[10,44],"(gender,":[11],"duration":[12],"of":[13,20,22,37,86,102,104,129,141],"infection":[14,136],"with":[15,26,31,51,97,131],"HCV,":[16],"cirrhosis":[17,132,149],"and":[18,47,66,76,80,133],"genotype":[19],"HCV)":[21],"a":[23,91,167],"better":[24],"response":[25,93,100,111,121,159,174],"alpha-interferon":[27,56,96],"treatment":[28,79],"in":[29,45,78,122,173],"patients":[30,71,130],"chronic":[32,52],"hepatitis":[33,53],"C.":[34],"The":[35,84,109],"aim":[36],"this":[38,87,119],"study":[39,61,89,124],"was":[40,62,107,112,150,165],"to":[41,95,152,160,170],"evaluate":[42],"these":[43],"Saudis":[46],"other":[48],"Arab":[49],"nationals":[50],"C-genotype":[54],"4-undergoing":[55],"treatment.":[57,162],"METHODOLOGY:":[58],"A":[59],"multicenter":[60,88],"conducted":[63],"between":[64],"1992":[65],"1994":[67],"on":[68],"80":[69],"consecutive":[70],"who":[72],"were":[73,145],"prospectively":[74],"recruited":[75],"randomized":[77],"control":[81],"groups.":[82],"RESULTS:":[83],"results":[85],"low":[92,120],"rate":[94,101],"an":[98],"overall":[99],"43%,":[103],"which":[105],"28%":[106],"complete.":[108],"sustained":[110],"only":[113],"16%.":[114],"Among":[115],"the":[116,126,134,154,171],"reasons":[117],"for":[118,158],"our":[123,142],"high":[127],"percentage":[128],"long":[135],"interval,":[137],"as":[138],"about":[139],"80%":[140],"HCV":[143],"cases":[144],"community-acquired.":[146],"CONCLUSION:":[147],"Liver":[148],"found":[151],"be":[153],"main":[155],"predetermining":[156],"factor":[157,169],"interferon":[161],"Genotype":[163],"4":[164],"not":[166],"contributing":[168],"difference":[172],"rate.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}