{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2396031937","doi":null,"title":"A toolkit for stability assessment of tree-based learners","display_name":"A toolkit for stability assessment of tree-based learners","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2396031937","mag":"2396031937"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inn:wpaper:2016-11","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/c4041030/wpaper/2016-11.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/c4041030/wpaper/2016-11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146128","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102856981","display_name":"Michel Philipp","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-4705","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-4705"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Philipp","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1380-4705","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014873408","display_name":"Achim Zeileis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3766","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3766"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Achim Zeileis","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0918-3766","affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021387471","display_name":"Carolin Strobl","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-3230","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-3230"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carolin Strobl","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0952-3230","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.4652999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10538","display_name":"Data Mining Algorithms and Applications","score":0.4652999937534332,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10136","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Inference","score":0.35109999775886536,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13141","display_name":"Statistical Methods and Applications","score":0.08309999853372574,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/recursive-partitioning","display_name":"recursive partitioning","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-tree","display_name":"decision tree","score":0.8330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/model-stability","display_name":"model stability","score":0.6069999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-selection","display_name":"feature selection","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/split-point-selection","display_name":"split point selection","score":0.7289999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resampling","display_name":"resampling","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/uncertainty-analysis","display_name":"uncertainty analysis","score":0.6840000152587891}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137345334","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7303350","display_name":"Recursive partitioning","level":2,"score":0.7754771113395691},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21442007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027879","display_name":"Graphics","level":2,"score":0.7100362777709961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150921843","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1170431","display_name":"Resampling","level":2,"score":0.6884430646896362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.6677998304367065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6265296936035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.546477198600769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113174947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2859736","display_name":"Tree (set theory)","level":2,"score":0.540712833404541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66882249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169336","display_name":"Homogeneous","level":2,"score":0.5151532888412476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5151342153549194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984074130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q73539779","display_name":"R package","level":2,"score":0.48645636439323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.4777597486972809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58489278","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1172284","display_name":"Data set","level":2,"score":0.4401150941848755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28883458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3427422","display_name":"Statistical graphics","level":3,"score":0.41141220927238464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37017136812210083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29588478803634644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28297534584999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21799734234809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.1331840455532074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.12374836206436157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:inn:wpaper:2016-11","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/c4041030/wpaper/2016-11.pdf","pdf_url":"https://www2.uibk.ac.at/downloads/c4041030/wpaper/2016-11.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/146128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146128","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},{"id":"mag:2396031937","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.econstor.eu/bitstream/10419/146128/1/859473023.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:econstor.eu:10419/146128","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146128","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10419/146128","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401696","display_name":"Econstor (Econstor)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"doc-type:workingPaper"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2396031937.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2396031937.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W69784543","https://openalex.org/W429766147","https://openalex.org/W2045803758","https://openalex.org/W2070230130","https://openalex.org/W2072755970","https://openalex.org/W2073738917","https://openalex.org/W2114898095","https://openalex.org/W2123998733","https://openalex.org/W2145949183","https://openalex.org/W2582743722"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1708873086","https://openalex.org/W2100367863","https://openalex.org/W340915836","https://openalex.org/W1834459924","https://openalex.org/W2902880644","https://openalex.org/W2589781122","https://openalex.org/W7168253030","https://openalex.org/W4240665823","https://openalex.org/W2395183631","https://openalex.org/W2790734540"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Recursive":[0],"partitioning":[1],"techniques":[2],"are":[3,51,56,142],"established":[4],"and":[5,14,27,91,110,127,136,150],"frequently":[6],"applied":[7],"for":[8,76,87],"exploring":[9],"unknown":[10],"structures":[11,29],"in":[12,30,130,139,152],"complex":[13],"possibly":[15],"high-dimensional":[16],"data":[17,65,148],"sets.":[18],"The":[19,133],"methods":[20,80],"can":[21,67,117],"be":[22,60,118],"used":[23,119],"to":[24,40,53,59,120],"detect":[25],"interactions":[26],"nonlinear":[28],"a":[31,99,105,145],"data-driven":[32],"way":[33],"by":[34],"recursively":[35],"splitting":[36],"the":[37,48,64,70,73,79,88,96,122,125,140,153],"predictor":[38],"space":[39],"form":[41],"homogeneous":[42],"groups":[43],"of":[44,85,98,107,124],"observations.":[45],"However,":[46],"while":[47],"resulting":[49],"trees":[50],"easy":[52],"interpret,":[54],"they":[55],"also":[57],"known":[58],"potentially":[61],"unstable.":[62],"Altering":[63],"slightly":[66],"change":[68],"either":[69],"variables":[71],"and/or":[72],"cutpoints":[74],"selected":[75,89],"splitting.":[77],"Moreover,":[78],"do":[81],"not":[82],"provide":[83],"measures":[84,109,135],"confidence":[86],"splits":[90],"therefore":[92],"users":[93],"cannot":[94],"assess":[95,121],"uncertainty":[97],"given":[100],"fitted":[101],"tree.":[102],"We":[103],"present":[104],"toolkit":[106,141],"descriptive":[108],"graphical":[111],"illustrations":[112],"based":[113],"on":[114],"resampling,":[115],"that":[116],"stability":[123],"variable":[126],"cutpoint":[128],"selection":[129],"recursive":[131],"partitioning.":[132],"summary":[134],"graphics":[137],"available":[138],"illustrated":[143],"using":[144],"real":[146],"world":[147],"set":[149],"implemented":[151],"R":[154],"package":[155],"stablelearner.":[156]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
