{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395518445","doi":null,"title":"The effect of social support on depression in caregivers of the elderly.","display_name":"The effect of social support on depression in caregivers of the elderly.","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395518445","mag":"2395518445","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2182766"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:2182766","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2182766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078324751","display_name":"Joseph J. Gallo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-0321","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7878-0321"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J J Gallo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Long-Term Care, Levindale Hebrew Geriatric Center and Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21215"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Long-Term Care, Levindale Hebrew Geriatric Center and Hospital, Baltimore, MD 21215","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5078324751"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":23,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.24040338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"4","first_page":"430","last_page":"6; discussion 437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13111","display_name":"Nursing care and research","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13111","display_name":"Nursing care and research","score":0.8734999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2922","display_name":"Research and Theory"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11712","display_name":"Intergenerational Family Dynamics and Caregiving","score":0.03869999945163727,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12811","display_name":"Aging, Health, and Disability","score":0.028599999845027924,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support","display_name":"social support","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-depression","display_name":"caregiver depression","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elderly-caregivers","display_name":"elderly caregivers","score":0.6970000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/informal-care","display_name":"informal care","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-burden","display_name":"caregiver burden","score":0.699999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-support-measurement","display_name":"social support measurement","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/caregiver-mental-health","display_name":"caregiver mental health","score":0.3109999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778087770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297111","display_name":"Social support","level":2,"score":0.6916952729225159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776289891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931511","display_name":"Neglect","level":2,"score":0.6495983600616455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6357667446136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776867660","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1814941","display_name":"Depression (economics)","level":2,"score":0.5254047513008118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779878486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25053589","display_name":"Caregiver burden","level":4,"score":0.5049281716346741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778900529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2827779","display_name":"Family caregivers","level":2,"score":0.4447324573993683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776101926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5038976","display_name":"Caregiver stress","level":4,"score":0.42723801732063293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3465248942375183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779483572","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83030","display_name":"Dementia","level":3,"score":0.3418126702308655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3379390835762024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.33405590057373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3051794171333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.15031787753105164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.11343622207641602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003863","descriptor_name":"Depression","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005190","descriptor_name":"Family","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006701","descriptor_name":"Home Nursing","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012931","descriptor_name":"Social Environment","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012944","descriptor_name":"Social Support","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014481","descriptor_name":"United States","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:2182766","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2182766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of family practice","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2395518445","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2182766","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2070490493","https://openalex.org/W2430854276","https://openalex.org/W2124260164","https://openalex.org/W2063298915","https://openalex.org/W2948685398","https://openalex.org/W2081958847","https://openalex.org/W4387529587","https://openalex.org/W2314839519","https://openalex.org/W1954368355","https://openalex.org/W2984374033"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Caregivers":[0],"play":[1],"a":[2,76],"critical":[3],"role":[4],"in":[5,72,145],"providing":[6],"the":[7,25,31,35,42,49,62,68,73,79,91,97,106,114,121,125,141,152,158],"social":[8,38,65,84,126],"support":[9,39,66,127],"that":[10],"allows":[11],"impaired":[12],"elders":[13],"to":[14,41,60,119,147],"remain":[15],"at":[16],"home.":[17],"The":[18,37,54,86],"demands":[19],"of":[20,30,52,56,64,70,78,83,100,105,124,168,179],"caregiving,":[21],"however,":[22],"may":[23,44],"stretch":[24],"physical":[26],"and":[27,81,109,135,156,173],"psychological":[28],"resources":[29],"caregiver,":[32,74,153],"thus":[33],"jeopardizing":[34],"elder.":[36],"available":[40],"caregiver":[43,142,159],"help":[45],"buffer":[46],"or":[47],"mitigate":[48],"ill":[50],"effects":[51],"caregiving.":[53],"purpose":[55],"this":[57],"review":[58],"is":[59,160],"examine":[61],"effect":[63],"on":[67,103],"development":[69],"depression":[71],"with":[75,162],"consideration":[77],"components":[80],"measurement":[82],"support.":[85],"practical":[87],"as":[88,90,112],"well":[89],"research":[92],"implications":[93],"are":[94,170,177],"discussed.":[95],"Although":[96],"anticipated":[98],"difficulty":[99],"caregiving":[101,169],"depends":[102],"assessment":[104,130],"elder's":[107],"mental":[108],"functional":[110],"disability":[111],"well,":[113],"clinician":[115],"must":[116],"not":[117,132],"neglect":[118],"consider":[120],"caregiver's":[122],"appraisal":[123],"available.":[128],"This":[129],"need":[131],"be":[133],"elaborate":[134],"might":[136],"include":[137],"inquiring":[138],"(1)":[139],"whether":[140,157,175],"has":[143],"someone":[144],"whom":[146],"confide;":[148],"(2)":[149],"who":[150],"visits":[151],"how":[154],"often,":[155],"happy":[161],"these":[163],"relationships;":[164],"(3)":[165],"what":[166],"aspects":[167],"most":[171],"disturbing;":[172],"(4)":[174],"there":[176],"symptoms":[178],"depression.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}