{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395089240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.264465","title":"The Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Ghana","display_name":"The Effect of Foreign Aid on Economic Growth in Ghana","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395089240","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.264465","mag":"2395089240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:afjecr:264465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf?subformat=pdfa","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049930058","display_name":"Paul Appiah-Konadu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-8366","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1762-8366"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Appiah-Konadu, Paul","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Junior, Forster Shitsi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junior, Forster Shitsi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040007578","display_name":"Eric Abokyi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-2931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1149-2931"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric, Abokyi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032026706","display_name":"Daniel Kwabena Twerefou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-3932","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3330-3932"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Twerefou, Daniel K.","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.3218,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93085162,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"248","last_page":"261"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11168","display_name":"International Development and Aid","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3303","display_name":"Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13867","display_name":"Economic Growth and Development","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-aid","display_name":"foreign aid","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ghana","display_name":"Ghana","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aid-effectiveness","display_name":"aid effectiveness","score":0.593999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capital-formation","display_name":"capital formation","score":0.5619999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labour","display_name":"labour","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-expenditure","display_name":"government spending","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grants-versus-loans","display_name":"grants versus loans","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.5339999794960022}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145162277","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1751675","display_name":"Cointegration","level":2,"score":0.8592807650566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6944406628608704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134024062","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1401229","display_name":"Error correction model","level":3,"score":0.630684494972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204208750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519415","display_name":"Short run","level":2,"score":0.6005136966705322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.516999363899231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44171179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461319","display_name":"External debt","level":3,"score":0.5017566680908203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83646750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193893","display_name":"Capital (architecture)","level":2,"score":0.4846947491168976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.46753165125846863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4624837040901184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145097563","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148747","display_name":"Payment","level":2,"score":0.4284919202327728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83864248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177323","display_name":"Developing country","level":2,"score":0.4187565743923187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C556758197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q580018","display_name":"Monetary economics","level":1,"score":0.4075712561607361},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.392413467168808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.20837140083312988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.2014220654964447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.1226167380809784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:ags:afjecr:264465","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:264465","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf?subformat=pdfa","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:2395089240","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4212762986","display_name":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC REVIEW","issn_l":"2453-5966","issn":["2453-5966","1821-8148"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jpps-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319552","host_organization_name":"The Open University of Tanzania","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319552"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Open University of Tanzania"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"AFRICAN JOURNAL OF ECONOMIC REVIEW","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.22004/ag.econ.264465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.264465","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.22004/ag.econ.264465","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ageconsearch.umn.edu:264465","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465","pdf_url":"https://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465/files/136060-364475-1-SM.pdf?subformat=pdfa","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401616","display_name":"AgEcon Search (University of Minnesota, USA)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210120349","host_organization_name":"University of Minnesota Rochester","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210120349"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/record/264465","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals","score":0.9090999960899353,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2395089240.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2395089240.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W300637145","https://openalex.org/W1484748092","https://openalex.org/W1492744820","https://openalex.org/W1499360120","https://openalex.org/W1531449386","https://openalex.org/W1603273918","https://openalex.org/W1977042693","https://openalex.org/W1989864366","https://openalex.org/W2001591589","https://openalex.org/W2003501530","https://openalex.org/W2022898597","https://openalex.org/W2038895548","https://openalex.org/W2045270536","https://openalex.org/W2046851005","https://openalex.org/W2055334106","https://openalex.org/W2071614755","https://openalex.org/W2103776874","https://openalex.org/W2106639360","https://openalex.org/W2128521675","https://openalex.org/W2146616118","https://openalex.org/W2151568976","https://openalex.org/W2154820854","https://openalex.org/W2161819220","https://openalex.org/W2279148545","https://openalex.org/W2891996052","https://openalex.org/W3123248704","https://openalex.org/W3123460777","https://openalex.org/W3193006831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2060701799","https://openalex.org/W3199295301","https://openalex.org/W2905679335","https://openalex.org/W2258047015","https://openalex.org/W2792816285","https://openalex.org/W2621690679","https://openalex.org/W2806439613","https://openalex.org/W4300648435","https://openalex.org/W4213376413","https://openalex.org/W4297311806"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,68],"paper":[1],"uses":[2],"time":[3],"series":[4],"data":[5],"from":[6],"1972":[7],"to":[8,12,28,34,94,141,202,216],"2012":[9],"on":[10,111,131,137,186,207,220],"Ghana":[11,115,203],"test":[13,54],"the":[14,37,52,73,90,101,118,122,151,176,192,214],"hypothesis":[15],"that":[16,56,89,179],"foreign":[17,61,126,147,225],"aid":[18,45,62,127,155,174,201,226],"can":[19],"promote":[20],"growth":[21,65,113,222],"in":[22,66,114,116,213,230],"developing":[23],"countries.":[24],"The":[25,49,84],"ARDL":[26],"approach":[27],"cointegration":[29,59],"(bounds":[30],"test)":[31],"was":[32,69,78],"employed":[33],"examine":[35],"both":[36,117],"long":[38,95,119],"run":[39,42,96,120,124],"and":[40,46,63,81,105,121,128,162,169,181,197],"short":[41,123],"relationships":[43],"between":[44,60],"economic":[47,64,112,154,187,221],"growth.":[48,138,188],"results":[50,177],"of":[51,92,146,153,165,194],"bounds":[53],"showed":[55,88],"there":[57],"is":[58,98,157],"Ghana.":[67],"further":[70],"confirmed":[71],"by":[72],"error":[74,85],"correction":[75,86],"term":[76,87],"which":[77,156],"very":[79],"significant":[80],"correctly":[82],"signed.":[83],"speed":[91],"convergence":[93],"equilibrium":[97],"moderate.":[99],"From":[100],"results,":[102],"labour,":[103],"capital":[104,160,180],"government":[106],"expenditure":[107],"have":[108,134,183,217],"positive":[109,144,184],"impact":[110,136,185],"whereas":[125],"interest":[129,205],"payment":[130,206],"external":[132,208],"debt":[133,209],"negative":[135,218],"In":[139],"order":[140],"derive":[142],"a":[143],"benefit":[145],"aid,":[148],"we":[149],"recommend":[150,191],"provision":[152,193],"geared":[158],"towards":[159],"formation":[161],"skills":[163],"development":[164],"labour":[166,182],"through":[167],"education":[168],"training":[170],"rather":[171],"than":[172],"political":[173],"since":[175],"show":[178],"We":[189],"also":[190],"more":[195],"grants":[196],"less":[198],"loans":[199],"as":[200],"because":[204,223],"has":[210],"been":[211],"found":[212],"study":[215],"effect":[219],"most":[224],"are":[227],"not":[228],"invested":[229],"projects":[231],"with":[232],"direct":[233],"future":[234],"cash":[235],"flows.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
