{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395065701","doi":null,"title":"Central nervous system demyelination and remyelination in the mouse: an ultrastructural study of cuprizone toxicity.","display_name":"Central nervous system demyelination and remyelination in the mouse: an ultrastructural study of cuprizone toxicity.","publication_year":1978,"publication_date":"1978-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395065701","mag":"2395065701","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/739762"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:739762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/739762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007347096","display_name":"Samuel K. Ludwin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"S K Ludwin","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5007347096"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9141,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":297,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91152745,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"6","first_page":"597","last_page":"612"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10137","display_name":"Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies","score":0.9243000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Clinical Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10608","display_name":"Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms","score":0.06440000236034393,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2806","display_name":"Developmental Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11266","display_name":"Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuprizone","display_name":"cuprizone","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/demyelination","display_name":"demyelination","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remyelination","display_name":"remyelination","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendrocyte-degeneration","display_name":"oligodendrocyte degeneration","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/superior-cerebellar-peduncle","display_name":"superior cerebellar peduncle","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/astrocytic-reaction","display_name":"astrocytic reaction","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glial-response","display_name":"glial response","score":0.5929999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oligodendrocyte-differentiation","display_name":"oligodendrocyte differentiation","score":0.8119999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internode-length","display_name":"internode length","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cuprizone-model","display_name":"cuprizone model","score":0.6690000295639038}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777619251","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7312279","display_name":"Remyelination","level":4,"score":0.9470682144165039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776985911","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q916698","display_name":"Oligodendrocyte","level":4,"score":0.7573603391647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778609137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105790271","display_name":"Myelin","level":3,"score":0.7356698513031006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6510123610496521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178999","display_name":"Axon","level":2,"score":0.6082057356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780884517","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177105","display_name":"Neuroglia","level":3,"score":0.5389514565467834},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781017270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2756638","display_name":"Galactocerebroside","level":5,"score":0.44595834612846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779830541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1622829","display_name":"Microglia","level":3,"score":0.4427652060985565},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.43440085649490356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.41425657272338867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.4122599959373474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.41076067090034485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.3672804832458496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.1963179111480713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15583786368370056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776914184","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101991","display_name":"Inflammation","level":2,"score":0.05730155110359192}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001369","descriptor_name":"Axons","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003471","descriptor_name":"Cuprizone","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003510","descriptor_name":"Cyclohexanes","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003711","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000139","qualifier_name":"chemically induced","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003711","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003711","descriptor_name":"Demyelinating Diseases","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009186","descriptor_name":"Myelin Sheath","qualifier_ui":"Q000648","qualifier_name":"ultrastructure","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051379","descriptor_name":"Mice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:739762","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/739762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Laboratory investigation; a journal of technical methods and pathology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"mag:2395065701","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/739762","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2100904149","https://openalex.org/W2147554232","https://openalex.org/W2065773699","https://openalex.org/W4213015816","https://openalex.org/W2051173791","https://openalex.org/W2006171191","https://openalex.org/W169600661","https://openalex.org/W2391498575","https://openalex.org/W2019454021","https://openalex.org/W2156549416"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Male":[0],"weanling":[1],"mice":[2],"(Biobreeding":[3],"Laboratories)":[4],"exposed":[5],"to":[6,74,101,125,206],"the":[7,13,28,61,71,126,141,158,197,208],"drug":[8],"Cuprizone":[9,198],"(biscyclohexanone,":[10],"oxaldihydrazone)":[11],"in":[12,93,131,137,204],"diet":[14],"for":[15,145],"periods":[16],"of":[17,27,39,50,55,70,83,121,153,171,187,211],"6":[18],"weeks":[19],"and":[20,36,41,53,59,112,156,181,213],"longer,":[21],"consistently":[22],"showed":[23],"almost":[24],"complete":[25],"demyelination":[26,33,212],"superior":[29],"cerebellar":[30],"peduncle.":[31],"The":[32,119,134,162],"was":[34,140,191],"primary":[35],"followed":[37],"degeneration":[38],"oligodendrocytes":[40,97,147],"their":[42],"processes,":[43],"whereas":[44],"axons":[45,62,116],"remained":[46],"intact.":[47],"After":[48],"formation":[49],"myelinic":[51],"vacuoles":[52],"removal":[54],"myelin":[56,179],"by":[57],"macrophages":[58],"astrocytes,":[60],"became":[63],"invested":[64],"with":[65,174],"astroglial":[66],"processes.":[67],"As":[68],"part":[69],"glial":[72],"response":[73],"demyelination,":[75],"numerous":[76],"reactive":[77],"or":[78,91],"immature":[79,154],"cells":[80],"appeared,":[81],"some":[82],"which":[84,205],"were":[85,117],"identified":[86],"as":[87],"being":[88],"either":[89],"astrocytic":[90],"oligodendrocytic":[92],"nature.":[94],"Some":[95],"mature":[96,142],"survived.":[98],"When":[99],"allowed":[100],"recover":[102],"on":[103],"a":[104,110,166,175],"normal":[105,132,172],"diet,":[106],"remyelination":[107,122],"began":[108],"within":[109],"week,":[111],"progressed":[113],"until":[114],"all":[115,138],"myelinated.":[118],"mechanism":[120,129],"appeared":[123],"similar":[124],"spiral":[127],"wrapping":[128],"seen":[130],"development.":[133],"myelinating":[135],"cell":[136],"cases":[139],"oligodendrocyte.":[143],"Sources":[144],"these":[146],"include":[148],"residual":[149],"surviving":[150],"oligodendrocytes,":[151],"differentiation":[152],"forms,":[155],"possibly":[157],"perineuronal":[159],"satellite":[160],"cell.":[161],"sheaths":[163],"eventually":[164],"reached":[165],"thickness":[167,180],"approximately":[168],"half":[169],"that":[170,196],"development,":[173],"disturbed":[176],"relationship":[177],"between":[178],"axon":[182],"diameter.":[183],"A":[184],"visual":[185],"impression":[186],"shortened":[188],"internodal":[189],"length":[190],"obtained.":[192],"It":[193],"is":[194,200],"concluded":[195],"model":[199],"an":[201],"excellent":[202],"situation":[203],"study":[207],"cellular":[209],"mechanisms":[210],"remyelination.":[214]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":13}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}