{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395047433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","title":"Influence of the globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. III. Timing of movement-related information","display_name":"Influence of the globus pallidus on arm movements in monkeys. III. Timing of movement-related information","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395047433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","mag":"2395047433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4031996"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113648418","display_name":"Marjorie E. Anderson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. E. Anderson","raw_affiliation_strings":["","University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047802487","display_name":"Fay Bahling Horak","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5459","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7704-5459"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. B. Horak","raw_affiliation_strings":["","University of Washington ;"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington ;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.644,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":160,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85267573,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"54","issue":"2","first_page":"433","last_page":"448"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.8711000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.12300000339746475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/globus-pallidus","display_name":"globus pallidus","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-reaching","display_name":"arm reaching","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/movement-timing","display_name":"movement timing","score":0.7059999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-emg-activity","display_name":"muscle EMG activity","score":0.5860000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motor-control","display_name":"motor control","score":0.5370000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reaction-time","display_name":"reaction time","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779918689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3771842","display_name":"Stimulus (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7164400815963745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780278869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1759633","display_name":"Globus pallidus","level":4,"score":0.6633585095405579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.6120064854621887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.44805195927619934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777515770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q507369","display_name":"Electromyography","level":2,"score":0.4413938820362091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778216619","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185706","display_name":"Wrist","level":2,"score":0.43835195899009705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187257","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q464210","display_name":"Basal ganglia","level":3,"score":0.29952943325042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.18272185325622559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1690073311328888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.13520997762680054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.07537040114402771}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001931","descriptor_name":"Brain Mapping","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004594","descriptor_name":"Electrophysiology","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005917","descriptor_name":"Globus Pallidus","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008252","descriptor_name":"Macaca fascicularis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011930","descriptor_name":"Reaction Time","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1152/jn.1985.54.2.433","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S142952003","display_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","issn_l":"0022-3077","issn":["0022-3077","1522-1598"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320155","host_organization_name":"American Physiological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320155"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physiological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurophysiology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4031996","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4031996","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurophysiology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6687940568","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"GM-7108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","funder_display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G712406887","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS-15017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7393834583","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS-10804","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309229","display_name":"National Institute on Handicapped Research","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337354","display_name":"National Institute of General Medical Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/04q48ey07"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337359","display_name":"National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke","ror":"https://ror.org/01s5ya894"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010948473","https://openalex.org/W2443634725","https://openalex.org/W2199654209","https://openalex.org/W2037588103","https://openalex.org/W1971696712","https://openalex.org/W2291916750","https://openalex.org/W1907481827","https://openalex.org/W80739781","https://openalex.org/W2416239352","https://openalex.org/W2068578063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Monkeys":[0],"were":[1,29,36],"trained":[2],"to":[3,10],"make":[4],"a":[5,11,15,194,202],"visually":[6],"triggered":[7],"arm-reaching":[8],"movement":[9,26,45,213],"lighted":[12],"button":[13],"in":[14,48,98,116,141,153,172,196,204],"simple":[16],"reaction-time":[17],"paradigm,":[18],"during":[19,43,67,81,104,119,183],"which":[20,68,197],"the":[21,44,49,84,92,105,113,120,132,136,142,148,157,166,184,198,206,217,223],"reaction":[22],"time":[23,27,137,149],"(RT)":[24],"and":[25,42,147,161,170,182],"(MT)":[28],"measured.":[30],"Stimulus":[31],"trains":[32,57],"of":[33,54,76,83,91,110,131,138,144,150,186,208,222],"varying":[34],"duration":[35],"applied":[37],"at":[38,46,156,176],"various":[39],"times":[40],"before":[41,102,126],"locations":[47],"globus":[50,199],"pallidus":[51,200],"where":[52],"application":[53,70],"long":[55],"stimulus":[56,63,69,122,134,168],"caused":[58],"increased":[59],"MTs.":[60,73],"A":[61],"critical":[62,121,133,167],"period":[64,169],"was":[65,79],"identified":[66],"effectively":[71],"prolonged":[72],"The":[74],"activity":[75,99,152,210],"pallidal":[77,145],"neurons":[78,93],"examined":[80,94],"performance":[82],"same":[85],"behavioral":[86],"task.":[87],"More":[88],"than":[89],"60%":[90],"showed":[95],"task-related":[96,139],"changes":[97,140,171],"that":[100,164,211],"began":[101],"or":[103,177,219],"reaching":[106],"movement.":[107,129],"For":[108],"45%":[109],"these":[111],"cells,":[112],"initial":[114,179],"change":[115],"firing":[117],"occurred":[118,175],"period,":[123,135],"50-150":[124],"ms":[125],"mechanically":[127],"detected":[128],"Comparison":[130],"discharge":[143,174],"neurons,":[146],"EMG":[151,187],"muscles":[154],"acting":[155],"back,":[158],"shoulder,":[159],"elbow,":[160],"wrist":[162],"revealed":[163],"both":[165],"neuronal":[173],"after":[178],"muscle":[180,209],"activation":[181],"buildup":[185],"activity.":[188],"These":[189],"data":[190],"are":[191],"consistent":[192],"with":[193],"model":[195],"plays":[201],"role":[203],"scaling":[205],"magnitude":[207],"determines":[212],"velocity":[214],"without":[215],"affecting":[216],"initiation":[218],"sequential":[220],"organization":[221],"programmed":[224],"motor":[225],"output.":[226]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}