{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2395010239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","title":"Racism in Medicine: Shifting the Power","display_name":"Racism in Medicine: Shifting the Power","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2395010239","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","mag":"2395010239","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27184998","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4868566"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1370/afm.1932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105068684","display_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","issn_l":"1544-1709","issn":["1544-1709","1544-1717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316112","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Family Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Family Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015934695","display_name":"Jacqueline Nwando Olayiwola","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-2831","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0309-2831"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1295908608","display_name":"San Francisco General Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/05j8x4n38","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180670191","display_name":"University of California, San Francisco","ror":"https://ror.org/043mz5j54","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180670191"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"J. N. Olayiwola","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Excellence in Primary Care, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CaliforniaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California OlayiwolaJ@fcm.ucsf.edu","Center for Excellence in Primary Care, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Primary Care, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, CaliforniaDepartment of Family and Community Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California OlayiwolaJ@fcm.ucsf.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Excellence in Primary Care, San Francisco General Hospital, San Francisco, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5015934695"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1295908608","https://openalex.org/I180670191"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5467,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":45,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96516285,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"3","first_page":"267","last_page":"269"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.6577000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.6577000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12194","display_name":"Cultural Competency in Health Care","score":0.15489999949932098,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.09520000219345093,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-racism","display_name":"racism in medicine","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-resilience","display_name":"physician resilience","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"prejudice","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-self-reflection","display_name":"physician self-reflection","score":0.35100001096725464}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139838865","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8461","display_name":"Racism","level":2,"score":0.865118145942688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.7956582307815552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7773473858833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.6780016422271729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777997956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17888","display_name":"Sexual orientation","level":2,"score":0.5529360175132751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137176749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4105337","display_name":"Psychological resilience","level":2,"score":0.5016932487487793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76509639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q918036","display_name":"Race (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4408397078514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.2582242488861084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.20565930008888245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.1320210099220276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.10485729575157166},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D003695","descriptor_name":"Delivery of Health Care","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008913","descriptor_name":"Minority Groups","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D063505","descriptor_name":"Racism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1370/afm.1932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105068684","display_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","issn_l":"1544-1709","issn":["1544-1709","1544-1717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316112","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Family Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Family Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4868566","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4868566","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ann Fam Med","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:27184998","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27184998","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Annals of family medicine","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org/ark:/13030/qt3xw7357x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xw7357x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of family medicine, vol 14, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3xw7357x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xw7357x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Annals of Family Medicine, vol 14, iss 3","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:qt3xw7357x","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3xw7357x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Olayiwola, JN. (2016). Racism in Medicine: Shifting the Power.. Annals of family medicine, 14(3), 267 - 269. doi: 10.1370/afm.1932. UC San Francisco: Retrieved from: http://www.escholarship.org/uc/item/3xw7357x","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1370/afm.1932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1370/afm.1932","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105068684","display_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","issn_l":"1544-1709","issn":["1544-1709","1544-1717"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316112","host_organization_name":"American Academy of Family Physicians","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Academy of Family Physicians"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Annals of Family Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Gender equality","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5699999928474426}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4417104123","https://openalex.org/W4226236834","https://openalex.org/W4391116513","https://openalex.org/W2800600619","https://openalex.org/W2592715231","https://openalex.org/W3092665009","https://openalex.org/W4396948754","https://openalex.org/W3087310589","https://openalex.org/W7046593849","https://openalex.org/W3092564674"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Medicine":[0],"has":[1,14],"historically":[2],"been":[3],"a":[4,15,51,56,60],"field":[5],"where":[6],"the":[7,10,23,26,31,40,64,68,72],"provider":[8],"of":[9,18,25,114,130],"service":[11,27],"(physician,":[12],"nurse)":[13],"significant":[16],"amount":[17],"power":[19,35,41,65,81],"as":[20,79,82],"compared":[21],"with":[22],"recipient":[24],"(the":[28],"patient).":[29],"For":[30],"most":[32],"part,":[33],"this":[34,47,101],"is":[36,43,97],"relatively":[37],"consistent,":[38],"and":[39,108,117,127],"dynamic":[42],"rarely":[44],"disrupted.":[45],"In":[46],"essay,":[48],"I":[49,70,75,83,87],"share":[50],"personal":[52],"experience":[53],"in":[54],"which":[55],"racist":[57],"rant":[58],"by":[59],"patient":[61],"seemingly":[62],"reverses":[63],"dynamic.":[66],"As":[67],"physician,":[69],"faced":[71],"realization":[73],"that":[74,91,100,111],"may":[76],"not":[77],"have":[78],"much":[80],"believed,":[84],"but":[85],"fortunately":[86],"had":[88],"some":[89],"tools":[90],"allowed":[92],"for":[93,119],"my":[94,98],"resilience.":[95],"It":[96],"hope":[99],"paper":[102],"will":[103],"strengthen":[104],"other":[105,128],"family":[106],"physicians":[107],"professional":[109],"minorities":[110],"are":[112],"victims":[113],"racism,":[115],"discrimination,":[116],"prejudice":[118],"their":[120],"race,":[121],"sex,":[122],"ability,":[123],"sexual":[124],"orientation,":[125],"religion,":[126],"axes":[129],"discrimination.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
