{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2394881077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","title":"Effects of ractopamine, genotype, and growth phase on finishing performance and carcass value in swine: I. Growth performance and carcass merit","display_name":"Effects of ractopamine, genotype, and growth phase on finishing performance and carcass value in swine: I. Growth performance and carcass merit","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2394881077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","mag":"2394881077","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1885381"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2527/1991.6972685x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017020566","display_name":"Yan Gu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-2741","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6584-2741","https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9936-9234"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Y. Gu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Anim. Sci., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Anim. Sci., Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025468892","display_name":"Allan Paul Schinckel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-7198","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8614-7198"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. P. Schinckel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044196442","display_name":"J. C. Forrest","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Forrest","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069243221","display_name":"C. H. Kuei","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. H. Kuei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035246579","display_name":"Lee E. Watkins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168537998","display_name":"Eli Lilly (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/01qat3289","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. E. Watkins","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lilly Research Laboratories, Greenfield, IN 46140","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168537998"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":4368,"currency":"USD","value_usd":4368},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1405,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95640065,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"69","issue":"7","first_page":"2685","last_page":"2693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13338","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13338","display_name":"Pharmacological Effects and Assays","score":0.9833999872207642,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10333","display_name":"Meat and Animal Product Quality","score":0.004600000102072954,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.003599999938160181,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ractopamine","display_name":"ractopamine","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-merit","display_name":"carcass merit","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genotype-effects","display_name":"genotype effects","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterosis","display_name":"heterosis","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-phase","display_name":"growth phase","score":0.7210000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/growth-performance","display_name":"growth performance","score":0.503000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion-ratio","display_name":"feed conversion ratio","score":0.7070000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ribeye-area","display_name":"loin eye area","score":0.7730000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carcass-yield","display_name":"carcass yield","score":0.8309999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backfat-thickness","display_name":"backfat thickness","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-intake","display_name":"feed intake","score":0.4189999997615814}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780458105","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q722419","display_name":"Ractopamine","level":2,"score":0.9500455856323242},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777449483","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574029","display_name":"Loin","level":2,"score":0.8991283774375916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173419221","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4390467","display_name":"Crossbreed","level":2,"score":0.7489414215087891},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.7137748003005981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780284631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1849655","display_name":"Sire","level":2,"score":0.6534651517868042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017965810","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3531615","display_name":"Carcass weight","level":3,"score":0.6104967594146729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.49636393785476685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112592230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q339051","display_name":"Heterosis","level":3,"score":0.49560534954071045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169222746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116558","display_name":"Factorial experiment","level":2,"score":0.4785374104976654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.4494374692440033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635132","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3998773","display_name":"Intramuscular fat","level":2,"score":0.4111819863319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.3607610762119293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14856132864952087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48189365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42621","display_name":"Hybrid","level":2,"score":0.12335258722305298},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.10243570804595947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000273","descriptor_name":"Adipose Tissue","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001823","descriptor_name":"Body Composition","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001947","descriptor_name":"Breeding","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006823","descriptor_name":"Hybrid Vigor","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008460","descriptor_name":"Meat","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009132","descriptor_name":"Muscles","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010627","descriptor_name":"Phenethylamines","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012621","descriptor_name":"Seasons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013552","descriptor_name":"Swine","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015430","descriptor_name":"Weight Gain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016018","descriptor_name":"Least-Squares Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D024510","descriptor_name":"Muscle Development","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2527/1991.6972685x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2527/1991.6972685x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S72684844","display_name":"Journal of Animal Science","issn_l":"0021-8812","issn":["0021-8812","1525-3015","1525-3163","1544-7847"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Animal Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1885381","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1885381","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of animal science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9208999872207642,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W191217324","https://openalex.org/W198367975","https://openalex.org/W218150218","https://openalex.org/W1564350655","https://openalex.org/W1604005265","https://openalex.org/W1999920708","https://openalex.org/W2001303213","https://openalex.org/W2005143282","https://openalex.org/W2037814304","https://openalex.org/W2053092521","https://openalex.org/W2086045905","https://openalex.org/W2121982764","https://openalex.org/W2129211264","https://openalex.org/W2134454655","https://openalex.org/W2141088880","https://openalex.org/W2164575644","https://openalex.org/W2298230951","https://openalex.org/W2322057888","https://openalex.org/W2535002922","https://openalex.org/W2562916822","https://openalex.org/W2563616383"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2416445307","https://openalex.org/W2394683303","https://openalex.org/W343391080","https://openalex.org/W191217324","https://openalex.org/W254706330","https://openalex.org/W2401036253","https://openalex.org/W109553248","https://openalex.org/W2188611531","https://openalex.org/W1514222192","https://openalex.org/W1488610317"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"replicated":[1],"factorial":[2],"experiment":[3],"using":[4],"183":[5],"individually":[6],"fed":[7,14],"crossbred":[8],"barrows":[9],"was":[10,233],"conducted.":[11],"Pigs":[12],"were":[13,106,153,172],"an":[15],"18.5%":[16],"CP":[17],"(.95%":[18],"lysine)":[19],"diet":[20],"with":[21],"3,594":[22],"kcal":[23],"of":[24,28,70,119,146,150,162,182],"ME/kg.":[25],"The":[26],"effects":[27,152],"five":[29],"genotypes":[30],"(GT):":[31],"1)":[32,84],"Hampshire":[33],"(H)":[34],"x":[35,37,47,49,52,55,59,61,66],"(H":[36,46],"Duroc":[38],"[D]),":[39],"2)":[40,88],"synthetic":[41],"terminal":[42],"sire":[43],"line,":[44],"3)":[45,93],"D)":[48],"(Landrace":[50],"[L]":[51],"[Yorkshire":[53],"(Y)":[54],"D]),":[56],"4)":[57],"L":[58],"(Y":[60],"D),":[62],"and":[63,75,78,92,103,116,131,135,143,164,169,190,197,222,239,261,266],"5)":[64],"Y":[65],"L;":[67],"two":[68],"levels":[69],"ractopamine":[71],"(RAC)":[72],"treatment:":[73],"0":[74],"20":[76],"ppm;":[77],"three":[79,243],"treatment":[80,244],"weight":[81,99],"periods":[82],"(WT):":[83],"59":[85],"to":[86,90,95,123,258],"100,":[87],"73":[89],"114,":[91],"86":[94],"127":[96],"kg":[97],"live":[98],"on":[100,166,184,192],"growth":[101,168],"performance":[102],"carcass":[104,120,170],"traits":[105,171,217],"evaluated.":[107],"Ractopamine":[108],"increased":[109,254,265],"(P":[110,137,175,186],"less":[111,138,176,187,206],"than":[112,139,155,177,188,207,218],".0001)":[113],"amount":[114,141],"(FSL)":[115],"percentage":[117,133,144,268],"(PFSL)":[118],"lean":[121,267],"standardized":[122],"10%":[124],"fat":[125],"content,":[126],"loin":[127],"eye":[128],"area":[129],"(LEA),":[130],"dressing":[132],"(PDRES)":[134],"reduced":[136],".01)":[140],"(DF)":[142],"(PDF)":[145],"dissected":[147],"fat.":[148],"Magnitudes":[149],"RAC":[151],"smaller":[154],"those":[156,181],"reported":[157],"by":[158,235],"other":[159],"researchers.":[160],"Effects":[161],"GT":[163,191,220,229,237],"WT":[165,183,246,256],"all":[167],"highly":[173],"significant":[174],".001)":[178],"except":[179],"for":[180,213],"ADG":[185],".05)":[189],"average":[193],"feed":[194],"intake":[195],"(AFI)":[196],"backfat":[198],"thickness":[199],"at":[200],"the":[201,242,249],"last":[202],"rib":[203],"(BFLR;":[204],"P":[205],".05).":[208],"Genotype":[209],"3":[210],"performed":[211],"better":[212],"most":[214],"economically":[215],"important":[216],"did":[219],"1":[221,238,257],"4,":[223],"suggesting":[224],"that":[225],"heterosis":[226],"existed":[227],"in":[228],"3,":[230,259],"which":[231],"essentially":[232],"obtained":[234],"crossing":[236],"4.":[240],"Among":[241],"periods,":[245],"2":[247],"had":[248],"highest":[250],"ADG.":[251],"As":[252],"BW":[253],"from":[255],"AFI":[260],"AFI/ADG":[262],"ratio":[263],"(FCR)":[264],"decreased.(ABSTRACT":[269],"TRUNCATED":[270],"AT":[271],"250":[272],"WORDS)":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
