{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2394767450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","title":"Molded, wafer level optics for long wave infra-red applications","display_name":"Molded, wafer level optics for long wave infra-red applications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2394767450","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","mag":"2394767450"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2223872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012018115","display_name":"John W. Franks","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119561980","display_name":"Umicore (Belgium)","ror":"https://ror.org/00zwdnt53","country_code":"BE","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Franks","raw_affiliation_strings":["Umicore Electro-Optic Materials (Belgium)"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Umicore Electro-Optic Materials (Belgium)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5012018115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119561980"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05688668,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"9822","issue":null,"first_page":"98220B","last_page":"98220B"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11517","display_name":"Advanced optical system design","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11637","display_name":"Advanced Semiconductor Detectors and Materials","score":0.004999999888241291,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14158","display_name":"Optical Systems and Laser Technology","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/long-wave-infrared","display_name":"long-wave infrared","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-thermography","display_name":"infrared thermography","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chalcogenide-glasses","display_name":"chalcogenide glasses","score":0.7820000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/infrared-lenses","display_name":"infrared lenses","score":0.5440000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/swap-c","display_name":"SWaP-C","score":0.7039999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/smartphone-thermal-imaging","display_name":"smartphone thermal imaging","score":0.6000000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-coatings","display_name":"optical coatings","score":0.3930000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.7123144268989563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5385262966156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.5242993235588074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.5070292949676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987363978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098816","display_name":"Optical materials","level":2,"score":0.4494084417819977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.16033804416656494}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1117/12.2223872","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1117/12.2223872","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S183492911","display_name":"Proceedings of SPIE, the International Society for Optical Engineering/Proceedings of SPIE","issn_l":"0277-786X","issn":["0277-786X","1996-756X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","norway-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315543","host_organization_name":"SPIE","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315543"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SPIE"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SPIE Proceedings","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W98067389","https://openalex.org/W1969191185","https://openalex.org/W2056535917","https://openalex.org/W2063498831"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1977317763","https://openalex.org/W2019685499","https://openalex.org/W2058861144","https://openalex.org/W2246489024","https://openalex.org/W2532858483","https://openalex.org/W2801918451","https://openalex.org/W1999430752","https://openalex.org/W4231042018","https://openalex.org/W2022816282","https://openalex.org/W2028369978"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"For":[0,45,207,228],"many":[1],"years,":[2],"the":[3,11,23,46,57,83,91,95,102,124,139,144,174,179,182,220,230,254,258,267,278],"Thermal":[4],"Imaging":[5],"market":[6,97],"has":[7,114,142,167],"been":[8],"driven":[9,265],"by":[10,32,40,266],"high":[12,242],"volume":[13,243],"consumer":[14,92,96,108],"market.":[15],"The":[16],"first":[17,31,47],"signs":[18],"of":[19,25,59,104,107,187,196,205,210,277],"this":[20],"came":[21],"with":[22,78,101,123,253],"launch":[24,103],"night":[26],"vision":[27],"systems":[28,52],"for":[29,135,261],"cars,":[30],"Cadillac":[33],"and":[34,36,43,94,213,234,257,290,295],"Honda":[35],"then,":[37],"more":[38,60],"successfully":[39],"BMW,":[41],"Daimler":[42],"Audi.":[44],"time,":[48],"simple":[49],"thermal":[50,79,133],"imaging":[51,80],"were":[53],"being":[54],"manufactured":[55],"at":[56],"rate":[58],"than":[61],"10,000":[62],"units":[63],"a":[64,72,105,116,132,193,202,238],"year.":[65],"This":[66,113,162],"step":[67,73,118],"change":[68,74,119],"in":[69,75,120,151,159,165,198,219],"volumes":[70],"enabled":[71],"system":[76,121],"costs,":[77,122],"moving":[81],"into":[82,131],"consumer\u2019s":[84],"price":[85],"range.":[86],"Today":[87],"we":[88],"see":[89],"that":[90,189,271],"awareness":[93],"continues":[98],"to":[99,126,153,177,223,241,247,293],"increase":[100],"number":[106],"focused":[109],"smart":[110],"phone":[111,130],"add-ons.":[112],"brought":[115],"further":[117],"possibility":[125],"turn":[127],"your":[128],"mobile":[129],"imager":[134],"under":[136],"$250.":[137],"As":[138],"detector":[140,215],"technology":[141],"matured,":[143],"pixel":[145],"pitches":[146],"have":[147,191],"dropped":[148],"from":[149,286],"50\u03bcm":[150],"2002":[152,199],"12":[154],"\u03bcm":[155],"or":[156],"even":[157],"10\u03bcm":[158],"today\u2019s":[160],"detectors.":[161],"dramatic":[163,171],"shrinkage":[164],"size":[166],"had":[168],"an":[169,287],"equally":[170],"effect":[172],"on":[173,181],"optics":[175,274],"required":[176,192],"produce":[178],"image":[180],"detector.":[183],"A":[184],"moderate":[185],"field":[186,209],"view":[188,211],"would":[190],"focal":[194,203,217],"length":[195,204],"40mm":[197],"now":[200,282],"requires":[201],"8mm.":[206],"wide":[208],"applications":[212],"small":[214,263],"formats,":[216],"lengths":[218],"range":[221],"1mm":[222],"5mm":[224],"are":[225,275],"becoming":[226],"common.":[227],"lenses,":[229],"quantity":[231],"manufactured,":[232],"quality":[233],"costs":[235],"will":[236],"require":[237],"new":[239,268],"approach":[240],"Infra-Red":[244],"(IR)":[245],"manufacturing":[246],"meet":[248],"customer":[249],"expectations.":[250],"This,":[251],"taken":[252],"SwaP-C":[255],"requirements":[256],"emerging":[259],"requirement":[260],"very":[262],"lenses":[264],"detectors,":[269],"suggests":[270],"wafer":[272,297],"scale":[273],"part":[276],"solution.":[279],"Umicore":[280],"can":[281],"present":[283],"initial":[284],"results":[285],"intensive":[288],"research":[289],"development":[291],"program":[292],"mold":[294],"coat":[296],"level":[298],"optics,":[299],"using":[300],"its":[301],"chalcogenide":[302],"glass,":[303],"GASIR\u00ae.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}