{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2387664255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","title":"Oxygen and Oxygen Radicals in Malting and Brewing: A Review","display_name":"Oxygen and Oxygen Radicals in Malting and Brewing: A Review","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2387664255","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","mag":"2387664255"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192057034","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","issn_l":"0361-0470","issn":["0361-0470","1943-7854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006455694","display_name":"Charles W. Bamforth","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-3181","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3507-3181"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. W. Bamforth","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047767754","display_name":"Robert E. Muller","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. E. Muller","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. D. Walker","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. D. Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":["BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"BRF International, Nutfield, Surrey, England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.442,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":117,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95920849,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"3","first_page":"79","last_page":"88"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10750","display_name":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10750","display_name":"Fermentation and Sensory Analysis","score":0.5830000042915344,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10035","display_name":"Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities","score":0.21359999477863312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2704","display_name":"Biochemistry (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12385","display_name":"Food Quality and Safety Studies","score":0.048900000751018524,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1106","display_name":"Food Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-free-radicals","display_name":"oxygen free radicals","score":0.8059999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oxygen-activation","display_name":"oxygen activation","score":0.6650000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malting","display_name":"malting","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brewing","display_name":"brewing","score":0.984000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lipoxygenase","display_name":"lipoxygenase","score":0.9100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polyphenol-oxidation","display_name":"polyphenol oxidation","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/peroxidase","display_name":"peroxidase","score":0.7670000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-enzymatic-oxidation","display_name":"non-enzymatic oxidation","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wort","display_name":"wort","score":0.652999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydroxyl-radicals","display_name":"hydroxyl radicals","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enzyme-inactivation","display_name":"enzyme inactivation","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phytic-acid","display_name":"phytic acid","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transition-metal-ions","display_name":"transition metal ions","score":0.550000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.8470127582550049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139066938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185056","display_name":"Radical","level":2,"score":0.8047074675559998},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C540031477","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629","display_name":"Oxygen","level":2,"score":0.6584948897361755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780985968","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1276781","display_name":"Mashing","level":2,"score":0.5000796318054199},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70899900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q290439","display_name":"Polyphenol","level":3,"score":0.4894975423812866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162008176","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419305","display_name":"Peroxidase","level":3,"score":0.47763362526893616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.47389522194862366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780795997","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413283","display_name":"Superoxide","level":3,"score":0.45828503370285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48349386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424361","display_name":"Reactive oxygen species","level":2,"score":0.45461568236351013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39699697","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869095","display_name":"Brewing","level":3,"score":0.43826204538345337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778004101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133948","display_name":"Antioxidant","level":2,"score":0.4053563177585602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.36948415637016296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.2840578854084015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.27794909477233887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100544194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41760","display_name":"Fermentation","level":2,"score":0.1148892343044281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbcj-51-0079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192057034","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","issn_l":"0361-0470","issn":["0361-0470","1943-7854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1094/asbj-51-0079","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbj-51-0079","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1094/asbj-51-0079","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192057034","display_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","issn_l":"0361-0470","issn":["0361-0470","1943-7854"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":46,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1486525201","https://openalex.org/W1964994058","https://openalex.org/W1966249491","https://openalex.org/W1967132832","https://openalex.org/W1971224043","https://openalex.org/W1976461225","https://openalex.org/W1981651791","https://openalex.org/W1984096691","https://openalex.org/W1986193963","https://openalex.org/W1986741935","https://openalex.org/W1987175191","https://openalex.org/W2003864270","https://openalex.org/W2015702657","https://openalex.org/W2015857580","https://openalex.org/W2017076019","https://openalex.org/W2017475152","https://openalex.org/W2018165952","https://openalex.org/W2024214998","https://openalex.org/W2030227417","https://openalex.org/W2038503262","https://openalex.org/W2044437812","https://openalex.org/W2046368611","https://openalex.org/W2046568365","https://openalex.org/W2049878015","https://openalex.org/W2051401791","https://openalex.org/W2052366136","https://openalex.org/W2068658589","https://openalex.org/W2072411216","https://openalex.org/W2075314469","https://openalex.org/W2075889505","https://openalex.org/W2078843599","https://openalex.org/W2080308094","https://openalex.org/W2269962657","https://openalex.org/W2288153921","https://openalex.org/W2316978770","https://openalex.org/W2464330065","https://openalex.org/W2472797717","https://openalex.org/W2496977614","https://openalex.org/W2771401808","https://openalex.org/W2801700971","https://openalex.org/W3203688699","https://openalex.org/W3214483447","https://openalex.org/W4205765867","https://openalex.org/W4231524173","https://openalex.org/W4242005151","https://openalex.org/W4246568233"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2052366136","https://openalex.org/W2369836686","https://openalex.org/W2074334119","https://openalex.org/W7131683735","https://openalex.org/W1973962143","https://openalex.org/W4388321159","https://openalex.org/W2060292448","https://openalex.org/W1941779162","https://openalex.org/W4388285208","https://openalex.org/W7131643030"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Because":[0],"oxygen":[1,78,101,119],"is":[2,62,66,79,84],"a":[3],"relatively":[4],"stable":[5],"molecule,":[6],"it":[7,21,61],"needs":[8],"to":[9,12,124,128,139],"be":[10,30,44],"converted":[11],"one":[13],"of":[14,55,88,96,114],"several":[15],"radical":[16,39],"or":[17,36],"activated":[18],"forms":[19],"before":[20],"can":[22],"react":[23],"with":[24],"other":[25,38,125],"species.":[26,40],"Such":[27],"activation":[28,42],"may":[29,43,145],"caused":[31],"by":[32,37,47,76,85,93,149],"transition":[33],"metal":[34,151],"ions":[35],"Alternatively,":[41],"brought":[45],"about":[46],"enzymes":[48],"such":[49],"as":[50],"lipoxygenase.":[51],"In":[52],"the":[53,73,112,129],"context":[54,113],"oxidation":[56,87,95,148],"in":[57,81,90,98,111],"malting":[58,70],"and":[59,71,92,104,118],"brewing,":[60],"argued":[63],"that":[64,72],"lipoxygenase":[65],"most":[67],"active":[68],"during":[69],"principal":[74],"route":[75],"which":[77],"consumed":[80],"wort":[82],"production":[83],"peroxidase-catalyzed":[86],"polyphenols":[89,97],"mashing":[91],"nonenzymatic":[94],"boiling.":[99],"Oxygen,":[100],"radicals,":[102],"oxidation,":[103],"relevant":[105,123],"protective":[106],"systems":[107],"are":[108],"reviewed":[109],"principally":[110],"flavor":[115],"instability.":[116],"Oxygen":[117],"radicals":[120,135],"are,":[121],"however,":[122],"areas":[126],"pertinent":[127],"brewer,":[130],"including":[131],"enzyme":[132],"inactivation:":[133],"Hydroxyl":[134],"have":[136],"been":[137],"shown":[138],"inactivate":[140],"malt":[141],"\u03b2-glucanase.":[142],"Phytic":[143],"acid":[144],"protect":[146],"against":[147],"scavenging":[150],"ions.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
