{"id":"https://openalex.org/W238745979","doi":null,"title":"Accountability of children in rudimentary legal systems: a criminal law-evolutionary view","display_name":"Accountability of children in rudimentary legal systems: a criminal law-evolutionary view","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W238745979","mag":"238745979"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:238745979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=113779607&DB=p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93955710","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa","issn_l":"0010-4051","issn":["0010-4051","2522-3062"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315321","host_organization_name":"University of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075353565","display_name":"J.M.T. Labuschagne","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I69552723","display_name":"University of Pretoria","ror":"https://ror.org/00g0p6g84","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J.M.T. Labuschagne","raw_affiliation_strings":["Indigenous Law, University of Pretoria*"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Indigenous Law, University of Pretoria*","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I69552723"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048264010","display_name":"Van den Heever","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Van den Heever","raw_affiliation_strings":["Criminal Law and Law of Procedure, University of the North**"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Criminal Law and Law of Procedure, University of the North**","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"98","last_page":"105"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13376","display_name":"Criminal Law and Policy","score":0.8452000021934509,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13101","display_name":"Legal and Social Justice Studies","score":0.06350000202655792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13763","display_name":"Historical Legal Studies and Society","score":0.02250000089406967,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individualization","display_name":"individualization","score":0.9509999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanization","display_name":"humanization","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/indigenous-legal-systems","display_name":"indigenous law","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/germanic-law","display_name":"Germanic law","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roman-law","display_name":"Roman law","score":0.9819999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779990267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1365664","display_name":"Culpability","level":2,"score":0.8814542293548584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202565627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146491","display_name":"Criminal law","level":2,"score":0.7141717672348022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5752711296081543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5627588033676147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149209484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q741338","display_name":"Comparative law","level":2,"score":0.5402151942253113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.5171415209770203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5046864748001099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177986884","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207892","display_name":"Public law","level":2,"score":0.45079803466796875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162040827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126842","display_name":"Philosophy of law","level":3,"score":0.4237847328186035},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780677400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4122235","display_name":"Civil law (Civil law)","level":3,"score":0.41514334082603455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.3773972690105438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3179379105567932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:238745979","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.africabib.org/rec.php?RID=113779607&DB=p","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S93955710","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa","issn_l":"0010-4051","issn":["0010-4051","2522-3062"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-4"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315321","host_organization_name":"University of South Africa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315321"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["University of South Africa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Comparative and International Law Journal of Southern Africa","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W613772238","https://openalex.org/W2353161751","https://openalex.org/W4297869013","https://openalex.org/W7007663387","https://openalex.org/W2896861438","https://openalex.org/W2738160963","https://openalex.org/W2131420834","https://openalex.org/W2892117244","https://openalex.org/W4410949184","https://openalex.org/W7055925295"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"has":[1],"previously":[2],"been":[3],"indicated":[4],"that":[5],"at":[6],"least":[7],"four":[8],"universal":[9],"evolutionary":[10],"processes":[11,19,33],"are":[12],"operative":[13],"in":[14,58],"criminal":[15,38],"law,":[16],"viz":[17],"the":[18,30,37,52],"of":[20,40,56],"deconcretisation,":[21],"individualisation,":[22],"humanisation,":[23],"dereligionisation":[24],"and":[25,63],"deritualisation.":[26],"In":[27,44],"this":[28,45],"article":[29],"effect":[31],"these":[32],"have":[34],"had":[35],"on":[36],"culpability":[39],"children":[41],"is":[42,49],"examined.":[43],"regard":[46],"specific":[47],"attention":[48],"given":[50],"to":[51],"indigenous":[53],"legal":[54],"systems":[55],"blacks":[57],"Southern":[59],"Africa,":[60],"Germanic":[61],"law":[62],"Roman":[64],"law.":[65]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-09-23T05:00:35.095934","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
