{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2378715152","doi":null,"title":"Phenomenological study of the significance of recess and brain breaks during the instructional day from the perspective of elementary teachers","display_name":"Phenomenological study of the significance of recess and brain breaks during the instructional day from the perspective of elementary teachers","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2378715152","mag":"2378715152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-2206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1156","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2206&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2206&context=doctoral","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089326888","display_name":"Laura Beth Knight","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Laura Beth Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089326888"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11718","display_name":"Physical Education and Pedagogy","score":0.3467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11718","display_name":"Physical Education and Pedagogy","score":0.3467000126838684,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12831","display_name":"School Health and Nursing Education","score":0.326200008392334,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.13670000433921814,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-recess","display_name":"recess","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-breaks","display_name":"brain breaks","score":0.9929999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/school-based-physical-activity","display_name":"school-based physical activity","score":0.7009999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maslow-s-hierarchy-of-needs","display_name":"Maslow's hierarchy of needs","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-cognitive-theory","display_name":"social cognitive theory","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/childhood-obesity","display_name":"childhood obesity","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-skills-development","display_name":"social skills development","score":0.8840000033378601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classroom-behavior","display_name":"classroom behavior","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/student-well-being","display_name":"student well-being","score":0.843999981880188}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7428119778633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14564219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q383646","display_name":"Social cognitive theory","level":2,"score":0.5050809979438782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56995899","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1126687","display_name":"Focus group","level":2,"score":0.5046902894973755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.49244722723960876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15046100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2337214","display_name":"Social learning theory","level":2,"score":0.46899890899658203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.46313101053237915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189465574","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179515","display_name":"Maslow's hierarchy of needs","level":2,"score":0.43524667620658875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4325940012931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190248442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q839486","display_name":"Qualitative research","level":2,"score":0.428596556186676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.41954877972602844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.3394954204559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.3254104256629944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-2206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1156","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2206&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2378715152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2206&context=doctoral","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:digitalcommons.liberty.edu:doctoral-2206","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/doctoral/1156","pdf_url":"https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2206&context=doctoral","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400581","display_name":"Digital Commons (Liberty University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67789559","host_organization_name":"Liberty University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67789559"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Doctoral Dissertations and Projects","raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.975600004196167}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2378715152.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2378715152.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W312941106","https://openalex.org/W369886720","https://openalex.org/W1523182007","https://openalex.org/W1556057683","https://openalex.org/W1564619825","https://openalex.org/W1576480031","https://openalex.org/W1590937613","https://openalex.org/W1597710311","https://openalex.org/W1672986804","https://openalex.org/W1859502711","https://openalex.org/W1971281741","https://openalex.org/W1973668179","https://openalex.org/W1978027065","https://openalex.org/W1994208622","https://openalex.org/W2015727800","https://openalex.org/W2021765444","https://openalex.org/W2048911743","https://openalex.org/W2064497842","https://openalex.org/W2071360251","https://openalex.org/W2089878406","https://openalex.org/W2094685945","https://openalex.org/W2107832644","https://openalex.org/W2111591671","https://openalex.org/W2118921112","https://openalex.org/W2129030266","https://openalex.org/W2135810292","https://openalex.org/W2135943618","https://openalex.org/W2136714205","https://openalex.org/W2141067272","https://openalex.org/W2145985294","https://openalex.org/W2152485817","https://openalex.org/W2153403719","https://openalex.org/W2154264753","https://openalex.org/W2159476919","https://openalex.org/W2162040794","https://openalex.org/W2170182165","https://openalex.org/W2292134422","https://openalex.org/W2798424051","https://openalex.org/W2947476960","https://openalex.org/W3044291841"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W641439366","https://openalex.org/W3014197290","https://openalex.org/W3092057843","https://openalex.org/W7033352584","https://openalex.org/W2469784389","https://openalex.org/W7221373213","https://openalex.org/W2283889853","https://openalex.org/W4297230941","https://openalex.org/W4386325890","https://openalex.org/W7065437425"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,163],"purpose":[1],"of":[2,12,18,32,52,55,64,102,165,168,172,175,188,195],"this":[3,59,97,124],"phenomenological":[4],"qualitative":[5],"study":[6,60,98,125],"was":[7,61,70,99,157],"to":[8,92,123],"collect":[9],"the":[10,16,26,30,48,56,131,166,173,182],"perceptions":[11,171],"elementary":[13,74,169],"teachers":[14,40,75],"on":[15,23],"influence":[17],"recess":[19,176],"and":[20,114,151,177,191,198,207,211],"brain":[21,178],"breaks":[22,179],"students":[24,78],"within":[25],"instructional":[27,183],"day":[28,184],"capturing":[29],"essence":[31,164],"their":[33,81],"voice":[34,167],"through":[35,111],"analysis.":[36],"Participants":[37],"included":[38,185],"10":[39],"at":[41],"Smith":[42],"School":[43],"District":[44],"(pseudonym":[45],"used)":[46],"in":[47,71,87,126,130,200],"southeastern":[49],"United":[50],"States":[51],"America.":[53],"One":[54],"theories":[57],"guiding":[58,96],"Maslow\u2019s":[62],"Hierarchy":[63],"Needs":[65],"(Maslow,":[66],"1954)":[67],"as":[68],"it":[69],"question":[72],"whether":[73],"perceive":[76],"that":[77,108,127,138],"must":[79],"have":[80],"need":[82],"for":[83,89],"physical":[84,128],"movement":[85],"met":[86],"order":[88],"optimal":[90],"learning":[91],"occur.":[93],"Another":[94],"theory":[95,106],"Bandura\u2019s":[100,105],"Theory":[101],"Social":[103],"Cognition.":[104],"asserts":[107],"people":[109],"learn":[110],"social":[112,136,204],"interactions":[113],"by":[115],"watching":[116],"others":[117],"(Bandura,":[118],"2004).":[119],"This":[120],"concept":[121],"relates":[122],"activity":[129],"school":[132],"setting":[133],"is":[134],"a":[135,148],"event":[137],"produces":[139],"observable":[140],"benefits.":[141],"Data":[142,155],"were":[143],"collected":[144],"via":[145],"one-on-one":[146],"interviews,":[147],"focus":[149,190],"group,":[150],"open-ended":[152],"anonymous":[153],"questionnaires.":[154],"analysis":[156],"conducted":[158],"utilizing":[159],"Moustakas\u2019":[160],"Seven":[161],"Steps.":[162],"teachers\u2019":[170],"benefits":[174,187,194],"occurring":[180],"during":[181],"academic":[186],"improved":[189,203],"stamina,":[192],"health":[193],"decreased":[196],"obesity":[197],"increase":[199],"overall":[201,212],"health,":[202],"skill":[205],"development":[206],"therefore":[208],"classroom":[209],"behavior,":[210],"wellness.":[213]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}