{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2372073271","doi":null,"title":"Smile Recognition Based on PHOG Feature Extraction and Clustering Feature Selection","display_name":"Smile Recognition Based on PHOG Feature Extraction and Clustering Feature Selection","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2372073271","mag":"2372073271"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2372073271","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-MSSB201201006.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101740854","display_name":"Guo Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-6786","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-6786"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guo Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["-Hua,BAI Yang,JIN Lian-Wen"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1284-6786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"-Hua,BAI Yang,JIN Lian-Wen","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101740854"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2682,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.56613138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10667","display_name":"Emotion and Mood Recognition","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-expression-recognition","display_name":"facial expression recognition","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pyramid-histogram-of-oriented-gradients","display_name":"PHOG","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dimensionality-reduction","display_name":"dimensionality reduction","score":0.8610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gabor-features","display_name":"Gabor features","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-dimensional-features","display_name":"low-dimensional feature representation","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.7577147483825684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7527738809585571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.6160454154014587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.6095879077911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6058614253997803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73555534","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q622825","display_name":"Cluster analysis","level":2,"score":0.60153728723526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.5804990530014038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17426736","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419918","display_name":"Histogram of oriented gradients","level":4,"score":0.5542727708816528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142575187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3358290","display_name":"Pyramid (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5149722695350647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148483581","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q446488","display_name":"Feature selection","level":2,"score":0.5073012709617615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33676613","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13415176","display_name":"Dimension (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.4997239112854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83665646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42139305","display_name":"Feature vector","level":2,"score":0.43970200419425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.42910951375961304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70518039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000077","display_name":"Dimensionality reduction","level":2,"score":0.4281000792980194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3763645589351654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2701418399810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.14261066913604736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.09093174338340759},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2372073271","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://en.cnki.com.cn/Article_en/CJFDTOTAL-MSSB201201006.htm","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Pattern Recognition and Artificial Intelligence","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2154461202","https://openalex.org/W2065479749","https://openalex.org/W2006271004","https://openalex.org/W2509076870","https://openalex.org/W1972244161","https://openalex.org/W2624075728","https://openalex.org/W2353588865","https://openalex.org/W4281550126","https://openalex.org/W2325396833","https://openalex.org/W7095070889"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gabor":[0,15,88],"features":[1,16],"are":[2,51],"successfully":[3],"applied":[4],"to":[5,21],"solve":[6],"the":[7,48,53,62,87,107],"problems":[8],"of":[9,14,30,47,93,98],"facial":[10],"expression":[11,43],"recognition.However,the":[12],"dimension":[13],"is":[17,39],"usually":[18],"too":[19],"high":[20],"be":[22,56,66,102],"practically":[23],"applicable.A":[24],"method":[25],"based":[26],"on":[27],"Pyramid":[28],"Histogram":[29],"Oriented":[31],"Gradients(PHOG)":[32],"feature":[33,77,108],"and":[34],"Clustering":[35],"Linear":[36],"Discriminate":[37],"Analysis(CLDA)":[38],"proposed":[40,49],"for":[41],"smile":[42],"recognition.The":[44],"main":[45],"merits":[46],"system":[50,74],"that":[52,73],"complexity":[54],"can":[55,65],"decreased":[57],"with":[58,75,86,90],"low-dimension":[59],"PHOG":[60,76],"feature,and":[61],"multi-model":[63],"problem":[64],"overcome":[67],"by":[68],"CLDA.The":[69],"experimental":[70],"results":[71],"show":[72],"achieves":[78],"competitive":[79],"or":[80],"even":[81],"higher":[82],"recognition":[83],"accuracy":[84],"than":[85],"feature,but":[89],"much":[91],"lower":[92],"computation":[94],"time":[95],"cost.Moreover,the":[96],"performance":[97],"CLDA":[99],"does":[100],"not":[101],"degraded":[103],"significantly":[104],"when":[105],"decreasing":[106],"dimension.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T04:12:42.849631","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
