{"id":"https://openalex.org/W236946385","doi":null,"title":"International Insolvencies: An English-American Comparison with an Analysis of Proposed Solutions","display_name":"International Insolvencies: An English-American Comparison with an Analysis of Proposed Solutions","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W236946385","mag":"236946385"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:236946385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-583659/international-insolvencies-an-english-american-comparison","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081717979","display_name":"Chin Kim","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chin Kim","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022266852","display_name":"Jimmy C. Smith","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6967-1632","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-6967-1632"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. C. Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.853,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94121691,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12509","display_name":"Corporate Insolvency and Governance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12767","display_name":"Conflict of Laws and Jurisdiction","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14012","display_name":"Comparative and International Law Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-insolvency","display_name":"cross-border insolvency","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/territoriality-theory","display_name":"territoriality theory","score":0.7250000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comity","display_name":"comity","score":0.890999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/english-insolvency-law","display_name":"English insolvency law","score":0.7549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/united-states-bankruptcy-law","display_name":"United States bankruptcy law","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robert-maxwell","display_name":"Robert Maxwell","score":0.6110000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creditors-rights","display_name":"creditor protection","score":0.3630000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-creditors","display_name":"foreign creditors","score":0.38600000739097595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-law","display_name":"comparative law","score":0.3199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cross-border-enforcement-of-judgments","display_name":"cross-border enforcement of judgments","score":0.32199999690055847}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4163816","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757382","display_name":"Insolvency","level":2,"score":0.8091013431549072},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780414751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157470","display_name":"Debtor","level":4,"score":0.7670633792877197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C504631918","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q152074","display_name":"Bankruptcy","level":2,"score":0.7038722038269043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776949292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471855","display_name":"Jurisdiction","level":2,"score":0.7024917602539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778490220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1114769","display_name":"Comity","level":3,"score":0.5704339146614075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62100270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1733207","display_name":"Conflict of laws","level":2,"score":0.5625450015068054},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5036148428916931},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.4834038317203522},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.4219295382499695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.39060431718826294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190253527","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q295354","display_name":"Law and economics","level":1,"score":0.38593095541000366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120527767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3196867","display_name":"Debt","level":2,"score":0.2910877466201782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159091798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q157165","display_name":"Creditor","level":3,"score":0.2643730044364929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.17848023772239685}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:236946385","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1P3-583659/international-insolvencies-an-english-american-comparison","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.8046000003814697}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1762589439","https://openalex.org/W7222385979","https://openalex.org/W606032508","https://openalex.org/W590308005","https://openalex.org/W4210888664","https://openalex.org/W321045798","https://openalex.org/W4411935523","https://openalex.org/W2917050905","https://openalex.org/W1496675812","https://openalex.org/W593773397"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Robert":[0],"Maxwell's":[1],"recent":[2],"demise":[3],"and":[4,47,55,71,78,91,110,205,277,349,421,587],"the":[5,14,27,57,69,79,86,89,105,111,123,131,148,167,178,199,203,220,228,231,270,312,321,328,343,353,362,379,389,406,416,424,433,438,465,489,496,514,528,537,543,546,554,558,566,575],"subsequent":[6],"collapse":[7],"of":[8,17,26,88,94,125,166,182,192,198,223,242,320,391,410,435,443,464,470,536,553,574,585],"his":[9,337,450,471],"international":[10,41,99,117],"empire,(1)":[11],"coupled":[12],"with":[13,40,116,120,267,291,311],"global":[15],"reorganization":[16],"Olympia":[18,72],"&":[19,73],"York":[20,74],"Developments":[21],"Ltd.,(2)":[22],"are":[23,36,143,208,234,364,461,504,562],"compelling":[24],"examples":[25],"complexities":[28],"that":[29,174,256,278,325,381],"confront":[30],"nations":[31,183,523],"whose":[32,61],"current":[33],"legal":[34],"systems":[35,142,181],"ill-equipped":[37],"to":[38,122,176,269,293,335,351,368,400,413,432,441,449,480,484,582],"deal":[39],"insolvencies.":[42],"International":[43],"insolvency,":[44],"a":[45,97,185,196,243,284,300,340,347],"complex":[46],"growing":[48],"issue,":[49],"can":[50,247,305],"be":[51,65,248,264,289],"examined":[52],"by":[53,146],"contrasting":[54],"comparing":[56],"two":[58,141,155],"economic":[59],"powers":[60],"insolvency":[62],"laws":[63,207,402,503,552],"will":[64,384],"closely":[66],"monitored":[67],"during":[68],"Maxwell":[70],"bankruptcy":[75,252,259,281,303,502,547],"proceedings:":[76],"England":[77],"United":[80,112],"States.":[81],"This":[82,455],"Article":[83,103,163],"first":[84],"discusses":[85],"fundamentals":[87],"universality":[90,529],"territoriality":[92,221,301,436,515],"theories":[93],"jurisdiction":[95,229,533],"over":[96,534],"debtor's":[98,232,313,439,466,490,538],"assets.(3)":[100],"Second,":[101],"this":[102,162,369,375,411],"analyzes":[104],"procedures":[106],"followed":[107],"in":[108,130,151,201,250,261,275,283,296,307,315,356,388,427,445,517,542,556,570],"England(4)":[109],"States(5)":[113],"for":[114,371,405,418,423,468],"dealing":[115],"insolvencies,":[118],"especially":[119],"regard":[121],"subject":[124,398,581],"comity":[126],"as":[127],"it":[128],"appears":[129],"U.S.":[132,206],"Bankruptcy":[133],"Code":[134],"at":[135,188],"11":[136],"U.S.C.":[137],"sec":[138],"304.(6)":[139],"The":[140,476,551],"then":[144],"compared":[145],"illustrating":[147],"difficulties":[149],"encountered":[150],"either":[152],"merging":[153],"these":[154,459,482,510],"views":[156],"or":[157,187,359,451,472,508],"implementing":[158],"them":[159],"separately.(7)":[160],"Finally,":[161],"examines":[164],"several":[165],"more":[168],"prominent":[169],"proposals":[170],"currently":[171],"under":[172,299,374,494],"consideration":[173],"attempt":[175],"unify":[177],"many":[179,308],"distinct":[180],"into":[184],"single,":[186],"least":[189],"functional,":[190],"network":[191],"solutions.":[193],"Included":[194],"is":[195,378,437,456,478,549,560,580,588],"discussion":[197],"direction":[200],"which":[202,254,273,501,557],"English":[204],"headed.(8)":[209],"II.":[210],"JURISDICTION":[211],"OVER":[212],"A":[213],"DEBTORS":[214],"INTERNATIONAL":[215],"ASSETS":[216],"A.":[217],"TERRITORIALITY":[218],"Under":[219],"theory":[222,530],"bankruptcy,":[224],"only":[225,266,319],"proceedings":[226,304],"within":[227,324,339],"where":[230,361,545],"assets":[233,322,334,355,363,428,444,460,483],"located":[235,429],"may":[236,512],"affect":[237],"those":[238],"assets.":[239],"An":[240],"example":[241],"strict":[244],"territorial":[245],"approach":[246,568],"found":[249],"Japanese":[251],"law,":[253],"states":[255],"":[257,279],"a!":[258,280],"adjudged":[260,282],"Japan":[262],"shall":[263,287],"effective":[265,290],"respect":[268,292],"bankrupt's":[271],"properties":[272,294],"exist":[274],"Japan,":[276],"foreign":[285,354,372,401,446],"country":[286,358,394,555],"not":[288,331,462],"existing":[295],"Japan.(9)":[297],"Thus,":[298],"approach,":[302],"occur":[306],"countries":[309,360,447],"simultaneously,":[310],"estate":[314,467,576],"each":[316],"one":[317,583,591],"consisting":[318],"available":[323],"country.":[326],"If":[327],"debtor":[329,477],"does":[330],"have":[332],"sufficient":[333],"cover":[336],"debts":[338],"particular":[341],"jurisdiction,":[342],"creditors":[344,383,396,426,486],"must":[345],"obtain":[346],"judgment":[348],"seek":[350],"attach":[352],"he":[357],"located.(10)":[365],"In":[366],"addition":[367],"inconvenience":[370],"creditors,":[373],"system":[376,499],"there":[377],"possibility":[380],"local":[382],"receive":[385],"better":[386],"treatment":[387],"courts":[390],"their":[392],"own":[393,453],"than":[395],"who":[397],"themselves":[399],"while":[403],"vying":[404],"same":[407],"assets.(11)":[408],"All":[409],"leads":[412],"costly":[414],"litigation,":[415],"potential":[417],"conflicting":[419],"decisions,":[420],"preferences":[422],"savvy":[425],"abroad.(12)":[430],"Adding":[431],"confusion":[434],"ability":[440],"dispose":[442],"according":[448],"her":[452,473],"choosing.":[454],"possible":[457],"because":[458,577],"part":[463],"purposes":[469],"domestic":[474],"bankruptcy.":[475],"free":[479],"use":[481],"satisfy":[485],"based":[487],"on":[488],"personal":[491],"preference,(13)":[492],"effectively":[493],"mining":[495],"equitable":[497,572],"distribution":[498,573],"upon":[500],"founded.":[505],"However":[506],"unfair":[507],"disconcerting":[509],"prospects":[511],"seem,":[513],"theory,":[516],"some":[518],"form,":[519],"prevails":[520],"among":[521],"most":[522],"today.(14)":[524],"B.":[525],"UNIVERSALITY":[526],"Conversely,":[527],"grants":[531],"exclusive":[532],"all":[535],"assets,":[539],"wherever":[540],"located,":[541],"court":[544],"case":[548,559],"pending.(15)":[550],"pending":[561],"used":[563],"exclusively.(16)":[564],"Ideally,":[565],"universalist":[567],"results":[569],"an":[571],"every":[578],"claim":[579],"body":[584],"law":[586],"satisfied":[589],"from":[590],"estate.":[592],"\u2026":[593]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}