{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2365675680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","title":"Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: Magnitude, timing, and moderators.","display_name":"Meta-analysis of dropout from cognitive behavioral therapy: Magnitude, timing, and moderators.","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2365675680","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","mag":"2365675680","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26302248"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1037/ccp0000044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118719888","display_name":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0022-006X","issn":["0022-006X","1939-2117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051649888","display_name":"Ephrem Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-9942","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-9942"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ephrem Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043845050","display_name":"Dara Salem","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138873065","display_name":"Long Island University","ror":"https://ror.org/0324fzh77","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138873065"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dara Salem","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Long Island University Brooklyn"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Long Island University Brooklyn","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138873065"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050886064","display_name":"Joshua K. Swift","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-542X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8340-542X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I147853995","display_name":"University of Alaska Anchorage","ror":"https://ror.org/03k3c2t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I147853995"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joshua K. Swift","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Alaska Anchorage","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I147853995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049367232","display_name":"Nirvana Ramtahal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45438204","display_name":"The University of Texas at San Antonio","ror":"https://ror.org/01kd65564","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nirvana Ramtahal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, University of Texas at San Antonio","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45438204"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.867,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":603,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96264975,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"83","issue":"6","first_page":"1108","last_page":"1122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10214","display_name":"Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13272","display_name":"Psychological Treatments and Assessments","score":0.003100000089034438,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10853","display_name":"Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes","score":0.0026000000070780516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-behavioral-therapy","display_name":"cognitive behavioral therapy","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-discontinuation","display_name":"treatment discontinuation","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/attrition","display_name":"attrition","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depression","display_name":"depression","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/e-therapy","display_name":"e-therapy","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inpatient-vs-outpatient-treatment","display_name":"inpatient vs outpatient treatment","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/number-of-treatment-sessions","display_name":"number of treatment sessions","score":0.7990000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/client-participation","display_name":"client participation","score":0.4059999883174896}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776145597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339462","display_name":"Dropout (neural networks)","level":2,"score":0.7688769102096558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6871270537376404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779549880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5542226","display_name":"PsycINFO","level":3,"score":0.6530063152313232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.6501217484474182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781265626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147152","display_name":"Cognitive behavioral therapy","level":3,"score":0.5919197201728821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.5694706439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93225998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1941972","display_name":"Moderation","level":2,"score":0.4946129024028778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780553607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q684868","display_name":"Attrition","level":2,"score":0.47556155920028687},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134362201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q317309","display_name":"Mental health","level":2,"score":0.4147314727306366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.34521329402923584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.308204710483551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.27678656578063965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20899313688278198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.10175645351409912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199343813","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12128","display_name":"Dentistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010352","descriptor_name":"Patient Dropouts","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015928","descriptor_name":"Cognitive Behavioral Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1037/ccp0000044","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1037/ccp0000044","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118719888","display_name":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","issn_l":"0022-006X","issn":["0022-006X","1939-2117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320262","host_organization_name":"American Psychological Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320262"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Psychological Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:26302248","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26302248","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of consulting and clinical psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.98580002784729}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":129,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1251462087","https://openalex.org/W1483667219","https://openalex.org/W1902231566","https://openalex.org/W1920994599","https://openalex.org/W1963672165","https://openalex.org/W1966227359","https://openalex.org/W1966458487","https://openalex.org/W1968291216","https://openalex.org/W1968665938","https://openalex.org/W1968667849","https://openalex.org/W1970709016","https://openalex.org/W1971191719","https://openalex.org/W1971525027","https://openalex.org/W1974661133","https://openalex.org/W1974817038","https://openalex.org/W1978235749","https://openalex.org/W1979729541","https://openalex.org/W1979780575","https://openalex.org/W1981818131","https://openalex.org/W1982859620","https://openalex.org/W1983358521","https://openalex.org/W1984576503","https://openalex.org/W1985193495","https://openalex.org/W1987662771","https://openalex.org/W1988108275","https://openalex.org/W1988614044","https://openalex.org/W1990182460","https://openalex.org/W1991529428","https://openalex.org/W1991731661","https://openalex.org/W1991787769","https://openalex.org/W1995453800","https://openalex.org/W1999705767","https://openalex.org/W2001142798","https://openalex.org/W2002458169","https://openalex.org/W2002465695","https://openalex.org/W2003051153","https://openalex.org/W2005985689","https://openalex.org/W2007368767","https://openalex.org/W2007524995","https://openalex.org/W2007674811","https://openalex.org/W2013539492","https://openalex.org/W2015908661","https://openalex.org/W2017400726","https://openalex.org/W2020219380","https://openalex.org/W2022783450","https://openalex.org/W2026427686","https://openalex.org/W2027374320","https://openalex.org/W2029556508","https://openalex.org/W2039142202","https://openalex.org/W2040121464","https://openalex.org/W2040701195","https://openalex.org/W2047019215","https://openalex.org/W2048563035","https://openalex.org/W2048973211","https://openalex.org/W2051963541","https://openalex.org/W2052772655","https://openalex.org/W2053034272","https://openalex.org/W2053275911","https://openalex.org/W2055897989","https://openalex.org/W2058692092","https://openalex.org/W2059298669","https://openalex.org/W2059775046","https://openalex.org/W2060045503","https://openalex.org/W2062557126","https://openalex.org/W2065530821","https://openalex.org/W2065969753","https://openalex.org/W2067044161","https://openalex.org/W2067996219","https://openalex.org/W2070380427","https://openalex.org/W2070584913","https://openalex.org/W2071864334","https://openalex.org/W2074960258","https://openalex.org/W2080447845","https://openalex.org/W2080916918","https://openalex.org/W2081766127","https://openalex.org/W2082195135","https://openalex.org/W2083151282","https://openalex.org/W2083258246","https://openalex.org/W2083845224","https://openalex.org/W2087996271","https://openalex.org/W2091525111","https://openalex.org/W2091751973","https://openalex.org/W2091808858","https://openalex.org/W2092011726","https://openalex.org/W2093124558","https://openalex.org/W2095216854","https://openalex.org/W2097804269","https://openalex.org/W2101770350","https://openalex.org/W2102086937","https://openalex.org/W2102720262","https://openalex.org/W2107258842","https://openalex.org/W2109789808","https://openalex.org/W2110124206","https://openalex.org/W2116640550","https://openalex.org/W2121904455","https://openalex.org/W2123492308","https://openalex.org/W2123493728","https://openalex.org/W2127242274","https://openalex.org/W2130737886","https://openalex.org/W2131198585","https://openalex.org/W2131457150","https://openalex.org/W2132203129","https://openalex.org/W2135077565","https://openalex.org/W2136406064","https://openalex.org/W2137913479","https://openalex.org/W2138930887","https://openalex.org/W2141180159","https://openalex.org/W2144759624","https://openalex.org/W2144967429","https://openalex.org/W2146691678","https://openalex.org/W2147298881","https://openalex.org/W2149980357","https://openalex.org/W2152301107","https://openalex.org/W2152511771","https://openalex.org/W2152913324","https://openalex.org/W2155080858","https://openalex.org/W2156296582","https://openalex.org/W2156706090","https://openalex.org/W2160444074","https://openalex.org/W2164211186","https://openalex.org/W2164547019","https://openalex.org/W2164641243","https://openalex.org/W2164765166","https://openalex.org/W2170448101","https://openalex.org/W2170679048","https://openalex.org/W2332741612","https://openalex.org/W2361945527","https://openalex.org/W2490711208","https://openalex.org/W3173971127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7221357335","https://openalex.org/W4234372853","https://openalex.org/W2183110699","https://openalex.org/W1981653794","https://openalex.org/W2793051299","https://openalex.org/W2087897996","https://openalex.org/W1991787769","https://openalex.org/W4284966310","https://openalex.org/W2005599019","https://openalex.org/W2064435423"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"UNLABELLED:":[0],"In":[1],"this":[2,54],"era":[3],"of":[4,23,35,38,53,65,83,106,139,160,171,216,225,234,237,240,242,246],"insistence":[5],"on":[6,90],"evidence-based":[7],"treatments,":[8],"cognitive":[9],"behavioral":[10],"therapy":[11],"(CBT)":[12],"has":[13],"emerged":[14],"as":[15,169],"a":[16,21,104],"highly":[17],"preferred":[18],"choice":[19,213],"for":[20,103,229],"spectrum":[22],"psychological":[24],"disorders.":[25,109],"Yet,":[26],"it":[27],"is":[28],"by":[29],"no":[30],"means":[31],"immune":[32],"to":[33,57,72,205,220],"some":[34],"the":[36,61,133,145,221],"vagaries":[37],"client":[39,180],"participation.":[40],"Special":[41],"concerns":[42],"arise":[43],"when":[44],"clients":[45],"drop":[46],"out":[47],"from":[48,67,93],"treatment.":[49,122],"OBJECTIVE:":[50],"The":[51],"aim":[52],"study":[55,188],"was":[56,88,115,124,175],"answer":[58],"questions":[59],"about":[60],"rate":[62,114],"and":[63,119,157,214,223,244],"timing":[64,241],"dropout":[66,91,113,168],"CBT,":[68],"with":[69,127,130,142,151,162,179,203],"specific":[70],"reference":[71,204],"pretreatment":[73],"versus":[74],"during":[75,121],"treatment":[76,140,149,163,217],"phases.":[77],"Also":[78],"explored":[79],"were":[80],"several":[81],"moderators":[82],"dropout.":[84],"METHOD:":[85],"A":[86],"meta-analysis":[87],"performed":[89],"data":[92],"115":[94],"primary":[95],"empirical":[96],"studies":[97],"involving":[98],"20,995":[99],"participants":[100],"receiving":[101],"CBT":[102],"range":[105],"mental":[107],"health":[108],"RESULTS:":[110],"Average":[111],"weighted":[112],"15.9%":[116],"at":[117],"pretreatment,":[118],"26.2%":[120],"Dropout":[123,174],"significantly":[125,166,177],"associated":[126,178],"(a)":[128],"diagnosis,":[129,222],"depression":[131],"having":[132,144],"highest":[134,146],"attrition":[135],"rate;":[136],"(b)":[137],"format":[138],"delivery,":[141],"e-therapy":[143],"rates;":[147],"(c)":[148],"setting,":[150],"fewer":[152],"inpatient":[153],"than":[154],"outpatient":[155],"dropouts;":[156],"(d)":[158],"number":[159,170],"sessions,":[161],"starters":[164],"showing":[165],"reduced":[167],"sessions":[172],"increased.":[173],"not":[176],"type":[181],"(adults":[182],"or":[183,196],"adolescents),":[184],"therapist":[185],"licensure":[186],"status,":[187],"design":[189],"(randomized":[190],"control":[191],"trial":[192],"[RCT]":[193],"vs.":[194],"non-RCT),":[195],"publication":[197],"recency.":[198],"CONCLUSIONS:":[199],"Findings":[200],"are":[201],"interpreted":[202],"other":[206],"reviews.":[207],"Possible":[208],"clinical":[209],"applications":[210],"include":[211,232],"careful":[212],"supplementing":[215],"setting/delivery":[218],"according":[219],"use":[224],"preparatory":[226],"strategies.":[227],"Suggestions":[228],"future":[230],"research":[231],"standardization":[233],"operational":[235],"definitions":[236],"dropout,":[238,243],"specification":[239],"exploration":[245],"additional":[247],"moderator":[248],"variables.":[249]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":74},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":52},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":66},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":76},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":57},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":47},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":15}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
