{"id":"https://openalex.org/W236278738","doi":null,"title":"Prejudice, Profit, or Productivity: Explaining Returns to Human Capital among Male Immigrants to Canada. (1)","display_name":"Prejudice, Profit, or Productivity: Explaining Returns to Human Capital among Male Immigrants to Canada. (1)","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-09-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W236278738","mag":"236278738"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:236278738","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-82883435/prejudice-profit-or-productivity-explaining-returns","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192243282","display_name":"Canadian ethnic studies","issn_l":"0008-3496","issn":["0008-3496","1913-8253"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian ethnic studies","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060499474","display_name":"Richard A. Wanner","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard A. Wanner","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5060499474"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.7151,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93914647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"30","issue":"3","first_page":"24","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10349","display_name":"Migration and Labor Dynamics","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13989","display_name":"Labour Market and Migration","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10208","display_name":"Labor market dynamics and wage inequality","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/returns-to-education","display_name":"returns to education","score":0.8199999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/immigrant-earnings","display_name":"immigrant earnings","score":0.7739999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occupational-attainment","display_name":"occupational attainment","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-capital","display_name":"human capital","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrimination","display_name":"discrimination","score":0.3720000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/prejudice","display_name":"prejudice","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-origin","display_name":"national origin","score":0.4569999873638153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/productivity-theory","display_name":"productivity theory","score":0.5339999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/postsecondary-education","display_name":"postsecondary education","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/labor-market-experience","display_name":"labor market experience","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-immigrants","display_name":"immigrant men","score":0.6200000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/canada","display_name":"Canada","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-born-comparison","display_name":"native-born comparison","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/status-attainment","display_name":"status attainment","score":0.47699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsimulation-model","display_name":"microsimulation model","score":0.4399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-integration-of-immigrants","display_name":"immigrant economic integration","score":0.4480000138282776}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70036468","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131288","display_name":"Immigration","level":2,"score":0.7380992770195007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1933849","display_name":"Microdata (statistics)","level":4,"score":0.7361102104187012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781426361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5326940","display_name":"Earnings","level":2,"score":0.6634013056755066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909503891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604971","display_name":"Native-Born","level":3,"score":0.6377854943275452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776943663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165687","display_name":"Human capital","level":2,"score":0.5208614468574524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107062074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q109701697","display_name":"Prejudice (legal term)","level":2,"score":0.43694815039634705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.4334408640861511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.42320239543914795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15708023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80083","display_name":"Humanities","level":1,"score":0.40218549966812134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3925621807575226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.3435133397579193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.30383408069610596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.2145978808403015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.10656464099884033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.10274916887283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.09322726726531982},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:236278738","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.questia.com/library/journal/1G1-82883435/prejudice-profit-or-productivity-explaining-returns","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S192243282","display_name":"Canadian ethnic studies","issn_l":"0008-3496","issn":["0008-3496","1913-8253"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Canadian ethnic studies","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7578999996185303,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"},{"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7257999777793884,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2325098036","https://openalex.org/W2599313167","https://openalex.org/W1773325252","https://openalex.org/W2074865133","https://openalex.org/W2598599757","https://openalex.org/W7011051733","https://openalex.org/W2342505967","https://openalex.org/W7009340770","https://openalex.org/W3122673395","https://openalex.org/W2528510461"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT/RESUME":[0],"This":[1],"paper":[2],"compares":[3],"the":[4,35,41,52,69,85,94,120,125,381,386,391,395,407,416,427,430,439,447,491,557,580,588,601],"occupational":[5,89,448],"and":[6,27,91,374,380,450,460,478,484,530,545,592,614],"earnings":[7,92,148,451,541],"attainments":[8],"of":[9,16,40,44,87,114,117,122,127,139,141,143,145,385,390,394,399,429,446,553,559,570,590,603,605],"male":[10],"immigrants":[11,58,76,154,169,237,255,355,420],"to":[12,14,19,54,82,102,150,368,426,443,470,481,494,539],"Canada":[13,61,240,365],"those":[15,66],"native-born":[17,70,546],"men":[18],"test":[20],"explanations":[21],"based":[22],"on":[23,119,147,587],"prejudice/discrimination,":[24],"competitive":[25],"market,":[26,582],"national":[28,196],"origin-related":[29],"productivity":[30],"theories":[31],"using":[32],"data":[33],"from":[34],"Public":[36],"Use":[37],"Microdata":[38],"File":[39],"1991":[42],"Census":[43],"Canada.":[45],"Although":[46],"there":[47],"is":[48,465,475],"no":[49,100,112],"indication":[50],"that":[51,75,510,512,522,599,608],"returns":[53,81,101,123,149],"human":[55,434],"capital":[56,233,435],"among":[57,153],"educated":[59,77,155],"in":[60,84,124,371,404,410,421,551,564,579],"are":[62,438,609],"any":[63],"less":[64],"than":[65,93,412,453],"received":[67],"by":[68,363,457,468],"majority,":[71],"I":[72,132],"do":[73],"find":[74,135],"abroad":[78],"receive":[79],"lower":[80,444],"education":[83,152],"form":[86,126],"both":[88],"status":[90,128],"native":[95],"born,":[96],"as":[97,99,497,549],"well":[98],"foreign":[103],"labour":[104,423,581],"market":[105,424],"experience.":[106],"A":[107],"macro-level":[108],"model":[109],"could":[110],"detect":[111],"effect":[113,138],"a":[115,136,205,216,257,277,330,349,357,360,498,506],"measure":[116,482],"prejudice":[118,586],"level":[121,140],"points":[129,325],"or":[130,535,561,584],"earnings.":[131],"did,":[133],"however,":[134],"substantial":[137,372],"development":[142],"country":[144,552,562],"origin":[146,554],"postsecondary":[151],"abroad.":[156],"Dans":[157],"cette":[158],"communication":[159],"l'auteur":[160,251,329],"confronte":[161],"les":[162,181,212,236,246,254,354],"realisations":[163],"professionnelles":[164],"et":[165,187,193,272,323],"de":[166,176,214,227,249,265,280,289,326,339,346],"gains":[167,271,322,347],"des":[168,174,321,324],"masculins":[170],"canadiens":[171,247],"avec":[172],"ceux":[173],"hommes":[175],"souche":[177,281],"canadienne":[178],"afin":[179],"d'examiner":[180],"explications":[182],"axees":[183],"sur":[184,301,314],"le":[185,190,194,230,293,302],"prejuge":[186,313],"la":[188,262,315],"discrimination,":[189],"marche":[191,294],"concurrentiel":[192],"rendement":[195,231,318],"selon":[197],"l'origin":[198],"du":[199,220,296,312,317,337,341],"travailleur.":[200],"Pour":[201],"faire":[202],"ceci":[203],"il":[204],"eu":[206],"recours":[207],"aux":[208],"donnees":[209],"publiees":[210],"dans":[211,292],"Fichiers":[213],"microdonnees":[215],"grande":[217],"diffusion,":[218],"Recensement":[219],"Canada,":[221],"1991.":[222],"Quoiqu'il":[223],"n'y":[224],"aie":[225],"pas":[226,288,305],"signe":[228],"que":[229,243,253],"au":[232,239],"humain":[234],"pour":[235,245],"formes":[238,256,356],"est":[241],"moins":[242,268],"celui":[244],"majoritaires":[248],"souche,":[250],"constate":[252,332],"l'etranger,":[258],"quand":[259],"ils":[260],"obtiennent":[261],"meme":[263],"annee":[264],"scolarite,":[266],"sont":[267],"recompenses":[269],"en":[270,319,344],"statut":[273],"professionnel":[274],"par":[275,353],"rapport":[276],"leurs":[278],"homologues":[279],"canadienne.":[282],"De":[283],"plus,":[284],"ces-premiers":[285],"ne":[286],"profitent":[287],"leur":[290],"experience":[291],"etranger":[295],"travail.":[297],"Un":[298],"modele":[299],"concu":[300],"microplan":[303],"n'a":[304],"decele":[306],"un":[307,333],"effet":[308,334],"issu":[309,336],"d'une":[310],"mesure":[311],"quantite":[316],"forme":[320],"statut.":[327],"Neanmoins,":[328],"bien":[331],"substantiel":[335],"niveau":[338],"developpement":[340],"pays":[342],"d'origine":[343],"fonction":[345],"relatifs":[348],"l'education":[350],"post-secondaire":[351],"obtenue":[352],"l'etranger.":[358],"As":[359,393],"nation":[361],"founded":[362],"immigrants,":[364,560],"has":[366,595],"continued":[367],"welcome":[369],"newcomers":[370],"numbers,":[373],"is,":[375],"along":[376],"with":[377],"Australia,":[378],"Israel,":[379],"United":[382],"States,":[383],"one":[384],"main":[387],"immigrant-receiving":[388],"nations":[389],"world.":[392],"1996":[396],"Census,":[397],"17.4%":[398],"Canada's":[400,422],"population":[401],"was":[402],"born":[403],"another":[405],"country,":[406],"largest":[408],"percentage":[409],"more":[411],"fifty":[413],"years.":[414],"Are":[415],"opportunities":[417,428,602],"afforded":[418],"these":[419],"equivalent":[425,433],"Canadian-born,":[431],"given":[432],"endowments?":[436],"Or":[437],"foreign-born":[440],"relegated":[441],"systematically":[442],"levels":[445],"structure":[449],"distribution":[452],"would":[454],"be":[455],"warranted":[456],"their":[458,533],"training":[459],"experience?":[461],"The":[462],"term":[463],"'discrimination'":[464],"normally":[466],"applied":[467],"sociologists":[469],"this":[471],"situation,":[472],"though":[473],"it":[474,520],"conceptually":[476],"complex":[477],"notoriously":[479],"difficult":[480],"(Evans":[483],"Kelley,":[485,615],"1991).":[486,616],"In":[487],"contrast,":[488],"economists":[489],"studying":[490],"phenomenon":[492],"allude":[493],"discrimination":[495,518],"only":[496],"last":[499],"recourse.":[500],"(2)":[501],"Instead,":[502],"most":[503],"favour":[504],"either":[505],"neoclassical":[507],"p":[508],"osition":[509],"assumes":[511],"rational":[513],"employers":[514],"will":[515],"not":[516],"practice":[517],"because":[519],"means":[521],"they":[523],"must":[524],"forego":[525],"hiring":[526],"cheaper":[527],"minority":[528,606],"workers":[529],"hence":[531],"reduce":[532],"profits,":[534],"introduce":[536],"additional":[537],"variables":[538],"explain":[540],"differences":[542,563],"between":[543],"immigrant":[544],"workers,":[547,594],"such":[548],"changes":[550],"composition":[555],"overtime,":[556],"self-selection":[558],"immigration":[565],"policy":[566],"(Borjas,":[567],"1994).":[568],"Theories":[569],"Ethnic":[571],"Inequality":[572],"Prejudice/Discrimination":[573],"Sociologists":[574],"have":[575],"typically":[576],"assumed":[577],"that,":[578],"ethnic":[583],"racial":[585],"part":[589],"employers,":[591],"sometimes":[593],"produced":[596],"discriminatory":[597],"behaviour":[598],"restricts":[600],"members":[604],"groups":[607],"its":[610],"object":[611],"(see":[612],"Evans":[613],"\u2026":[617]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
