{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2362536734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","title":"The Deterrent Effects of the International Criminal Court: Evidence from Libya","display_name":"The Deterrent Effects of the International Criminal Court: Evidence from Libya","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2362536734","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","mag":"2362536734"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194428652","display_name":"International Interactions","issn_l":"0305-0629","issn":["0305-0629","1547-7444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085572074","display_name":"Courtney Hillebrecht","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-6765","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1509-6765"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I114395901","display_name":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","ror":"https://ror.org/043mer456","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Courtney Hillebrecht","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Nebraska\u2013Lincoln","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5085572074"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I114395901"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.1199,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97590317,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"4","first_page":"616","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10749","display_name":"International Law and Human Rights","score":0.7803000211715698,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12752","display_name":"Global Peace and Security Dynamics","score":0.14159999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10070","display_name":"Political Conflict and Governance","score":0.0406000018119812,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-criminal-court","display_name":"International Criminal Court","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deterrence","display_name":"deterrence","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mass-atrocities","display_name":"mass atrocities","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crimes-against-humanity","display_name":"crimes against humanity","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genocide","display_name":"genocide","score":0.6029999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-criminal-justice","display_name":"international criminal justice","score":0.7310000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accountability","display_name":"accountability","score":0.5230000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violence-against-civilians","display_name":"violence against civilians","score":0.8149999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2011-libyan-civil-war","display_name":"2011 Libyan civil war","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-intervention","display_name":"international intervention","score":0.36399999260902405}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169437150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8458","display_name":"Human rights","level":2,"score":0.7892879247665405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204342414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41397","display_name":"Genocide","level":2,"score":0.7270418405532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173462","display_name":"Crimes against humanity","level":4,"score":0.6912608742713928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.5785579085350037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.5699604153633118},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5669305324554443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776007630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798912","display_name":"Accountability","level":2,"score":0.5493627190589905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195064531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135010","display_name":"War crime","level":3,"score":0.5288943648338318},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5139719843864441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139621336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3190382","display_name":"Economic Justice","level":2,"score":0.46706610918045044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991949126","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q63485141","display_name":"Criminal court","level":3,"score":0.4637938141822815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55447825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4394526","display_name":"International law","level":2,"score":0.4566253423690796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86615163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1147615","display_name":"International human rights law","level":3,"score":0.41822487115859985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3135039210319519}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S194428652","display_name":"International Interactions","issn_l":"0305-0629","issn":["0305-0629","1547-7444"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Interactions","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:taf:ginixx:v:42:y:2016:i:4:p:616-643","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10.1080/03050629.2016.1185713","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.800000011920929,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":64,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W177472455","https://openalex.org/W177879470","https://openalex.org/W561341733","https://openalex.org/W575226511","https://openalex.org/W575569975","https://openalex.org/W580094624","https://openalex.org/W596996414","https://openalex.org/W606783974","https://openalex.org/W655893965","https://openalex.org/W1500708800","https://openalex.org/W1533369859","https://openalex.org/W1556061918","https://openalex.org/W1563091572","https://openalex.org/W1571143319","https://openalex.org/W1585512879","https://openalex.org/W1601029336","https://openalex.org/W1868231082","https://openalex.org/W1963611263","https://openalex.org/W1968095267","https://openalex.org/W1975449724","https://openalex.org/W1999326695","https://openalex.org/W2003251159","https://openalex.org/W2009904664","https://openalex.org/W2011381076","https://openalex.org/W2011931335","https://openalex.org/W2026601000","https://openalex.org/W2035892253","https://openalex.org/W2036055047","https://openalex.org/W2054472989","https://openalex.org/W2054546200","https://openalex.org/W2058887530","https://openalex.org/W2063207324","https://openalex.org/W2089226506","https://openalex.org/W2091593590","https://openalex.org/W2093907493","https://openalex.org/W2095634590","https://openalex.org/W2118780426","https://openalex.org/W2121084080","https://openalex.org/W2123359946","https://openalex.org/W2125576437","https://openalex.org/W2127861433","https://openalex.org/W2128068200","https://openalex.org/W2129104434","https://openalex.org/W2131744342","https://openalex.org/W2137431964","https://openalex.org/W2145164498","https://openalex.org/W2149047800","https://openalex.org/W2163029117","https://openalex.org/W2165652645","https://openalex.org/W2171729612","https://openalex.org/W2325623932","https://openalex.org/W2331149663","https://openalex.org/W2478266102","https://openalex.org/W2508758814","https://openalex.org/W2580493878","https://openalex.org/W2586033992","https://openalex.org/W2586832743","https://openalex.org/W2594084844","https://openalex.org/W2797172896","https://openalex.org/W3088296987","https://openalex.org/W3124044210","https://openalex.org/W4249134303","https://openalex.org/W4251258120","https://openalex.org/W4291251609"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2113799375","https://openalex.org/W6958244678","https://openalex.org/W3124044210","https://openalex.org/W2170310601","https://openalex.org/W2740060787","https://openalex.org/W4319865110","https://openalex.org/W4415649925","https://openalex.org/W2345873667","https://openalex.org/W2344622723","https://openalex.org/W1878924807"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,170],"International":[1],"Criminal":[2],"Court":[3],"(ICC)":[4],"was":[5],"designed":[6],"to":[7,31,45],"try":[8],"the":[9,40,59,65,70,81,84,91,100,111,116,131,134,137,146,153,164,182],"worst":[10],"war":[11],"criminals":[12],"for":[13,174],"crimes":[14],"against":[15,141],"humanity,":[16],"genocide,":[17],"and":[18,106,122,136,177],"other":[19],"instances":[20],"of":[21,34,74,83,130,139,166,184],"mass":[22,35,167],"human":[23,36,55,88],"suffering.":[24],"By":[25],"providing":[26],"a":[27,47,160,175],"permanent,":[28],"international":[29,75,103,185],"mechanism":[30],"hold":[32],"perpetrators":[33],"rights":[37,56,89],"abuse":[38],"accountable,":[39],"ICC":[41,85,117,135],"is":[42,67],"also":[43,172],"meant":[44],"be":[46],"deterrent\u2014to":[48],"prevent":[49],"potential":[50],"genocidaires":[51],"from":[52],"committing":[53],"systematic":[54],"abuses":[57],"in":[58,143,156],"first":[60],"place.":[61],"But":[62],"what":[63],"if":[64],"effect":[66,82,162,183],"actually":[68],"quite":[69],"opposite?":[71],"While":[72],"advocates":[73],"justice":[76,105],"have":[77,159],"made":[78],"conjectures":[79],"about":[80,99],"on":[86,163,181,188],"stopping":[87],"abuses,":[90],"existing":[92],"scholarship":[93],"does":[94,158],"not":[95],"empirically":[96],"test":[97],"assumptions":[98,125],"relationship":[101,132],"between":[102,133],"criminal":[104],"violence.":[107,190],"This":[108],"article":[109],"outlines":[110],"causal":[112],"mechanisms":[113],"by":[114],"which":[115],"could":[118],"affect":[119],"ongoing":[120,189],"violence":[121,140],"tests":[123],"these":[124],"using":[126],"event":[127],"count":[128],"models":[129],"level":[138,165],"civilians":[142],"Libya":[144],"during":[145],"2011":[147],"crisis.":[148],"These":[149],"analyses":[150],"suggest":[151],"that":[152],"ICC\u2019s":[154],"involvement":[155],"conflict":[157],"dampening":[161],"atrocities":[168],"committed.":[169],"results":[171],"call":[173],"broad":[176],"sustained":[178],"research":[179],"agenda":[180],"accountability":[186],"efforts":[187]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":44},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
