{"id":"https://openalex.org/W235508175","doi":null,"title":"White Noise: The Unrealized Effects of Republican Party of Minnesota v. White on Judicial Elections*","display_name":"White Noise: The Unrealized Effects of Republican Party of Minnesota v. White on Judicial Elections*","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W235508175","mag":"235508175"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:235508175","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23268703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36489579","display_name":"Justice System Journal","issn_l":"0098-261X","issn":["0098-261X","2327-7556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Justice System Journal","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060658649","display_name":"Chris W. Bonneau","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-1107","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-1107"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170201317","display_name":"University of Pittsburgh","ror":"https://ror.org/01an3r305","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chris W. Bonneau","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Pittsburgh"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0405-1107","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Pittsburgh","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170201317"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014887732","display_name":"Melinda Gann Hall","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Melinda Gann Hall","raw_affiliation_strings":["Political Science"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Political Science","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023362166","display_name":"Matthew J. Streb","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102502594","display_name":"Northern Illinois University","ror":"https://ror.org/012wxa772","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Matthew J. Streb","raw_affiliation_strings":["Northern Illinois University,"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Northern Illinois University,","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102502594"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.5857,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96384692,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"32","issue":"3","first_page":"247","last_page":"268"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10802","display_name":"Judicial and Constitutional Studies","score":0.9922000169754028,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3308","display_name":"Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10108","display_name":"Electoral Systems and Political Participation","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13445","display_name":"American Constitutional Law and Politics","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-elections","display_name":"judicial elections","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/politicization-of-the-judiciary","display_name":"politicization of the judiciary","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-appointments","display_name":"judicial appointments","score":0.6830000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state-supreme-courts","display_name":"state supreme courts","score":0.6620000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intermediate-appellate-courts","display_name":"intermediate appellate courts","score":0.9190000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/incumbency-advantage","display_name":"incumbency advantage","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/campaign-spending","display_name":"campaign spending","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voter-turnout","display_name":"voter turnout","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/judicial-candidates","display_name":"judicial candidates","score":0.4790000021457672}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46295352","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207982","display_name":"Legitimacy","level":3,"score":0.792243480682373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.7047865390777588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.6945021748542786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778272461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190752","display_name":"Supreme court","level":2,"score":0.6669422388076782},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.6197998523712158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909001134","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7603882","display_name":"State supreme court","level":3,"score":0.5718716979026794},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.5203813314437866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.5116096138954163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:235508175","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/23268703","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S36489579","display_name":"Justice System Journal","issn_l":"0098-261X","issn":["0098-261X","2327-7556"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Justice System Journal","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.9595999717712402}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W153033169","https://openalex.org/W262718633","https://openalex.org/W460683038","https://openalex.org/W655563181","https://openalex.org/W1528910133","https://openalex.org/W1972958437","https://openalex.org/W1986004541","https://openalex.org/W1991487142","https://openalex.org/W1995086513","https://openalex.org/W1997005870","https://openalex.org/W1997079454","https://openalex.org/W2006650489","https://openalex.org/W2047531443","https://openalex.org/W2071406760","https://openalex.org/W2092122770","https://openalex.org/W2097081042","https://openalex.org/W2105895427","https://openalex.org/W2119820089","https://openalex.org/W2133831945","https://openalex.org/W2138525088","https://openalex.org/W2140230937","https://openalex.org/W2147148194","https://openalex.org/W2149170403","https://openalex.org/W2158998412","https://openalex.org/W2160695648","https://openalex.org/W2161751194","https://openalex.org/W2258843442","https://openalex.org/W2611545255","https://openalex.org/W3123222039","https://openalex.org/W3125110455","https://openalex.org/W3185304965"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W262718633","https://openalex.org/W1599888394","https://openalex.org/W2908242968","https://openalex.org/W2281789434","https://openalex.org/W4254565041","https://openalex.org/W1558714623","https://openalex.org/W2561290065","https://openalex.org/W19545743","https://openalex.org/W246450415","https://openalex.org/W7045792499"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Republican":[0],"Party":[1],"of":[2,19,42,60,89,103,137],"Minnesota":[3],"v.":[4],"White":[5,37,69],"(2002)":[6],"has":[7,38,70],"caused":[8],"the":[9,17,30,40,53,58,72,93,135,150],"nation's":[10],"most":[11],"powerful":[12],"legal-advocacy":[13],"organizations":[14],"to":[15,24,91],"question":[16],"wisdom":[18,34],"electing":[20],"judges":[21],"without":[22],"regulations":[23],"help":[25,133],"keep":[26],"judicial":[27,43,82,141,151],"candidates":[28],"above":[29],"political":[31],"fray.":[32],"Conventional":[33],"states":[35],"that":[36,50,67],"heightened":[39],"politicization":[41],"elections":[44,127],"by":[45],"facilitating":[46],"expensive,":[47],"below-the-belt":[48],"exchanges":[49],"sharply":[51],"attenuate":[52],"incumbency":[54],"advantage":[55],"and":[56,105],"threaten":[57],"legitimacy":[59],"state":[61,119,123],"courts.":[62],"Our":[63],"primary":[64],"assumption":[65],"is":[66],"if":[68],"had":[71],"presumed":[73],"effects,":[74],"we":[75,111],"should":[76,132],"see":[77],"measurable":[78],"changes":[79,117],"in":[80,107,118],"key":[81],"election":[83],"characteristics:":[84],"an":[85],"increased":[86],"willing":[87],"ness":[88],"challengers":[90],"enter":[92],"electoral":[94,97],"arena,":[95],"decreased":[96],"support":[98],"for":[99],"incumbents,":[100],"elevated":[101],"costs":[102],"campaigns,":[104],"declines":[106],"voter":[108],"participation.":[109],"Overall,":[110],"find":[112],"no":[113],"statisti":[114],"cally":[115],"discemable":[116],"supreme":[120],"court":[121,126],"or":[122],"intermediate":[124],"appellate":[125],"on":[128,149],"these":[129],"dimensions,":[130],"which":[131],"allay":[134],"fears":[136],"those":[138],"concerned":[139],"about":[140],"elec":[142],"tions":[143],"while":[144],"encouraging":[145],"additional":[146],"empirical":[147],"research":[148],"selection":[152],"controversy.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}