{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2352008160","doi":null,"title":"Autonomous English Learning among Postgraduate EFL Learners in China: A Study of Attitudes and Behaviors","display_name":"Autonomous English Learning among Postgraduate EFL Learners in China: A Study of Attitudes and Behaviors","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2352008160","mag":"2352008160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2352008160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.asiatefl.org/main/download_pdf.php?i=289&c=1419313408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058950445","display_name":"Yan Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-6169","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-6169"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yan Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8666-6169","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5058950445"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8811,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94649061,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14516","display_name":"English Language Learning and Teaching","score":0.0012000000569969416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-directed-learning","display_name":"self-directed learning","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learner-autonomy","display_name":"learner autonomy","score":0.7459999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/graduate-students","display_name":"graduate students","score":0.7789999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-learners","display_name":"EFL learners","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.4230000078678131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201610","display_name":"Status quo","level":2,"score":0.719931960105896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6645972728729248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65414064","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484105","display_name":"Autonomy","level":2,"score":0.6020305156707764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182325601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17064286","display_name":"Learner autonomy","level":4,"score":0.5981349945068359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5631862878799438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777212361","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5127848","display_name":"Class (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.5413309335708618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.49645882844924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983271839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29644074","display_name":"Autonomous learning","level":2,"score":0.48950350284576416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4790148138999939},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986378755","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q130192","display_name":"English as a foreign language","level":2,"score":0.45371896028518677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.37686586380004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.32858940958976746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123960582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455196","display_name":"Language education","level":2,"score":0.15421062707901},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.12792664766311646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.09536436200141907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.08168718218803406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129353971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156949","display_name":"Comprehension approach","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2352008160","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.asiatefl.org/main/download_pdf.php?i=289&c=1419313408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9901999831199646,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W60366249","https://openalex.org/W221952222","https://openalex.org/W283960197","https://openalex.org/W1489257600","https://openalex.org/W1514687800","https://openalex.org/W1592628973","https://openalex.org/W1619878697","https://openalex.org/W1968551409","https://openalex.org/W1970792913","https://openalex.org/W1980429754","https://openalex.org/W1998461335","https://openalex.org/W2019701445","https://openalex.org/W2023738625","https://openalex.org/W2037154737","https://openalex.org/W2046482148","https://openalex.org/W2085397468","https://openalex.org/W2089800784","https://openalex.org/W2094515526","https://openalex.org/W2121194276","https://openalex.org/W2133014542","https://openalex.org/W2150308132","https://openalex.org/W2171288159","https://openalex.org/W2324818975","https://openalex.org/W2498167447","https://openalex.org/W2733530746","https://openalex.org/W2991422910"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2073451929","https://openalex.org/W2379350821","https://openalex.org/W4210908872","https://openalex.org/W2998476796","https://openalex.org/W2382330012","https://openalex.org/W2532402460","https://openalex.org/W3083337351","https://openalex.org/W2391991658","https://openalex.org/W2809636635","https://openalex.org/W4414413076"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"the":[1,11,24,34,57,114,135,138],"field":[2],"of":[3,10,14,37,51,59,98,103,130,137,140,146],"foreign":[4],"language":[5],"education,":[6,15],"learner":[7],"autonomy,":[8],"one":[9],"ultimate":[12],"goals":[13],"has":[16],"been":[17],"greatly":[18],"promoted":[19],"in":[20,153],"China":[21],"ever":[22],"since":[23],"late":[25],"1990s.":[26],"The":[27,80],"present":[28,47],"study":[29],"examined":[30],"via":[31],"a":[32,48],"questionnaire":[33],"status":[35],"quo":[36],"Chinese":[38],"postgraduate":[39,62,84,163],"students\u2019":[40,52],"autonomous":[41,53,99],"English":[42,164],"learning":[43,54,100],"(AEL),":[44],"aiming":[45],"to":[46,69,120],"clear":[49],"picture":[50],"situation":[55],"for":[56,134],"improving":[58],"pedagogy.":[60],"292":[61],"students":[63,85,145],"from":[64],"7":[65],"universities":[66],"were":[67,109,166],"asked":[68],"report":[70],"their":[71],"attitudes":[72,90,106,124,155],"towards":[73,91,156],"AEL":[74,78,92,131,157,159],"and":[75,107,143],"actual":[76],"out-of-class":[77],"behaviors.":[79,132,160],"findings":[81],"revealed":[82],"that":[83,122],"generally":[86],"held":[87],"strongly":[88],"positive":[89,123],"but":[93,113],"exhibited":[94],"only":[95],"moderate":[96],"frequency":[97,129],"behaviors":[101,108],"outside":[102],"class.":[104],"Students\u2019":[105],"statistically":[110],"significantly":[111],"correlated,":[112],"correlation":[115],"was":[116],"not":[117],"high":[118,128],"enough":[119],"guarantee":[121],"will":[125],"bring":[126],"about":[127],"Except":[133],"perception":[136],"importance":[139],"classroom":[141],"teaching":[142,165],"learning,":[144],"different":[147],"genders":[148],"showed":[149],"no":[150],"significant":[151],"differences":[152],"either":[154],"or":[158],"Suggestions":[161],"on":[162],"subsequently":[167],"discussed.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}