{"id":"https://openalex.org/W235195610","doi":null,"title":"Karyometry: correction algorithm for differences in staining.","display_name":"Karyometry: correction algorithm for differences in staining.","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W235195610","mag":"235195610","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19402382","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmid:19402382","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19402382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103874","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000617102","display_name":"Peter H. Bartels","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1835","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5852-1835"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peter H Bartels","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. hubertbartels@msn.com"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona, USA. hubertbartels@msn.com","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002551852","display_name":"Hubert G. Bartels","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138006243","display_name":"University of Arizona","ror":"https://ror.org/03m2x1q45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hubert G Bartels","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Arizona"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Arizona","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138006243"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109356977","display_name":"David Samuel Alberts","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David S Alberts","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.03535491,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"2","first_page":"63","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10862","display_name":"AI in cancer detection","score":0.9648000001907349,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.018200000748038292,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12422","display_name":"Radiomics and Machine Learning in Medical Imaging","score":0.006399999838322401,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/karyometry","display_name":"karyometry","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cumulative-frequency-distribution","display_name":"cumulative frequency distribution","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-standardization","display_name":"image standardization","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-order-statistical-features","display_name":"higher-order statistical features","score":0.6150000095367432}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.5201035737991333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4755627512931824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4604831635951996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34058326482772827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.20464551448822021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20251375436782837}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000465","descriptor_name":"Algorithms","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002843","descriptor_name":"Chromatin","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007091","descriptor_name":"Image Processing, Computer-Assisted","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007620","descriptor_name":"Karyometry","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010363","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Automated","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013194","descriptor_name":"Staining and Labeling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016208","descriptor_name":"Databases, Factual","qualifier_ui":"Q000592","qualifier_name":"standards","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmid:19402382","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19402382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Analytical and quantitative cytology and histology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3072607","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4103874","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Anal Quant Cytol Histol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"mag:235195610","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19402382","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"PubMed","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3072607","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4103874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7709471183","display_name":"Chemoprevention of Skin Cancer Program Project","funder_award_id":"P01CA027502","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","funder_display_name":"National Cancer Institute"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337351","display_name":"National Cancer Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/040gcmg81"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2462081467"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2095114940","https://openalex.org/W2429848685","https://openalex.org/W7018611414","https://openalex.org/W2415406361","https://openalex.org/W2404907650","https://openalex.org/W7009218649","https://openalex.org/W2407649190","https://openalex.org/W2144938873","https://openalex.org/W2400043153","https://openalex.org/W2391059734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"describe":[2],"an":[3],"algorithm":[4,162],"that":[5],"allows":[6,163],"the":[7,26,29,33,42,56,61,66,72,77,86,90,96,103,107,123,142,164,167],"correction":[8,152,161],"of":[9,13,28,60,76,109,122,166,169],"differences":[10,172],"in":[11,32,102,112,126,141],"staining":[12,171],"histopathologic":[14],"sections":[15],"while":[16],"preserving":[17],"chromatin":[18,31],"texture.":[19],"STUDY":[20],"DESIGN:":[21],"In":[22],"order":[23],"to":[24,40,64,69,71,84,138],"preserve":[25],"texture":[27],"nuclear":[30],"corrected":[34,97,104],"digital":[35],"imagery,":[36,105],"it":[37],"is":[38,48],"necessary":[39],"correct":[41],"images":[43],"pixel":[44,91],"for":[45,95,106],"pixel.":[46],"This":[47],"accomplished":[49],"by":[50,153],"mapping":[51],"each":[52],"pixel's":[53],"value":[54],"onto":[55,89],"cumulative":[57,73,143],"frequency":[58,74,144],"distribution":[59,75,145],"data":[62,78],"set":[63,79],"which":[65],"image":[67],"belongs,":[68],"transfer":[70],"serving":[80],"as":[81],"standard":[82,127],"and":[83,118,148],"project":[85],"intersection":[87],"down":[88],"optical":[92],"density":[93],"scale":[94],"value.":[98],"RESULTS:":[99],"Feature":[100],"values":[101,125],"majority":[108],"features":[110,133],"used":[111],"karyometry,":[113],"are":[114],"between":[115],"<":[116],"1%":[117],"a":[119,139,149,154],"few":[120],"percent":[121],"feature":[124],"imagery.":[128],"For":[129],"some":[130],"higher-order":[131],"statistical":[132],"involving":[134],"multiple":[135],"pixels,":[136],"sensitivity":[137],"shift":[140],"may":[146,156],"exist,":[147],"secondary":[150],"small":[151,170],"factor":[155],"be":[157],"required.":[158],"CONCLUSION:":[159],"The":[160],"elimination":[165],"effects":[168],"on":[173],"karyometric":[174],"analysis.":[175]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
