{"id":"https://openalex.org/W235134114","doi":null,"title":"Is High School GPA Better than Admission Test Scores for Predicting Academic Success in College","display_name":"Is High School GPA Better than Admission Test Scores for Predicting Academic Success in College","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W235134114","mag":"235134114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:235134114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ739081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764566839","display_name":"College and university","issn_l":"0010-0889","issn":["0010-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362724880","host_organization_name":"American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362724880"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College and university","raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003396834","display_name":"Julie P. Noble","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julie Noble","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071004822","display_name":"Richard Sawyer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Richard Sawyer","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.4572,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92578732,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"79","issue":"4","first_page":"17","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10267","display_name":"Higher Education Research Studies","score":0.9657999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12602","display_name":"Medical Education and Admissions","score":0.022299999371170998,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13929","display_name":"Educational Outcomes and Influences","score":0.007199999876320362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-school-gpa","display_name":"high school GPA","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/act-scores","display_name":"ACT scores","score":0.9639999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/academic-success-prediction","display_name":"academic success prediction","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-admission","display_name":"university admission","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-admissions-policy","display_name":"university admission policy","score":0.42800000309944153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/higher-education-institutions","display_name":"higher education institutions","score":0.4650000035762787}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778173179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25339289","display_name":"Attendance","level":2,"score":0.6769855618476868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781206393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2748419","display_name":"Academic achievement","level":2,"score":0.5531559586524963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2991720358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759860","display_name":"Entrance exam","level":3,"score":0.5517157316207886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5402630567550659},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5279131531715393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5141797065734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142172996","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221284","display_name":"Conformity","level":2,"score":0.4881058633327484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203151758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3244907","display_name":"Standardized test","level":2,"score":0.47782444953918457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120912362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136822","display_name":"Higher education","level":2,"score":0.4659145176410675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776502983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q690182","display_name":"Contrast (vision)","level":2,"score":0.43404847383499146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98347192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7705804","display_name":"Test score","level":3,"score":0.41452756524086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4007285237312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.3758675456047058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2546088695526123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.19280460476875305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.18929442763328552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.17504161596298218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:235134114","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ739081","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764566839","display_name":"College and university","issn_l":"0010-0889","issn":["0010-0889"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4362724880","host_organization_name":"American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4362724880"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Association of Collegiate Registrars and Admissions Officers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"College and university","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6164000034332275,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.6299999952316284,"display_name":"Quality education"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7098017059","https://openalex.org/W7096896272","https://openalex.org/W3003856031","https://openalex.org/W2143056822","https://openalex.org/W1974314137","https://openalex.org/W7095167969","https://openalex.org/W2911261782","https://openalex.org/W89418294","https://openalex.org/W2725634345","https://openalex.org/W1545901974"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1,515],"compared":[2],"the":[3,120,124,139,229,269,272,281,288,299,442,452,498,519,570,606,609],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,16,23,47,51,80,85,135,142,275,291,355,358,380,383,406,501,509,513,521,532,536,546,577,608,615],"high":[6,38,109,188,247,330,365,381,399,413,474,483,522,574,590],"school":[7,39,57,73,110,189,248,263,366,400,414,475,484,523,575,591],"CPA":[8,26,40,53,58,74],"and":[9,41,112,123,167,169,191,209,212,217,250,271,295,315,321,325,340,451,460,472,504,525,552],"ACT":[10,42,64,89,121,230,251,278,375,390,410,423,454,481,526],"score":[11,43,65],"for":[12,430,529],"predicting":[13,67,96,530],"different":[14,260],"levels":[15,27,50,84,357,382,508,535,541],"first-year":[17,25,52,86,100,154,256,407,449,470,490,537,544],"college":[18,115,143,155,192,225,276,292,306,331,359,384,502,538,594],"CPA.":[19],"We":[20],"estimated":[21],"predictions":[22,372,396,405],"achieving":[24,48],"ranging":[28],"from":[29,409,563,600],"2.00":[30],"to":[31,127,172,255,267,287,310,336,344,497,506,517,569],"3.75":[32,553],"at":[33,66,69,82,98],"84":[34],"postsecondary":[35],"institutions.":[36],"Both":[37],"were":[44,308,333,341,543],"effective":[45,78,94],"predictors":[46],"moderate":[49,356],"(e.g.,":[54,182,313,361,386,422],"2.00).":[55],"High":[56,72,262],"was":[59,75,93,462,478,492],"somewhat":[60],"more":[61,334,369,393],"accurate":[62,370,394],"than":[63,371,395],"success":[68,81,97,137,149],"these":[70],"levels.":[71,102],"not":[76,505],"an":[77,132],"predictor":[79],"higher":[83,534],"GPA,":[87,257,503],"however.":[88],"score,":[90],"in":[91,95,138,160,163,236,259,298,305,420,433,586],"contrast,":[92,221],"all":[99],"GPA":[101,111,190,193,249,264,360,367,385,408,415,450,471,491,524],"College":[103],"admissions":[104,161,180],"officials":[105],"typically":[106,151],"use":[107,614],"both":[108,194,246,268],"scores":[113,222,252,391,411,455,528,572],"on":[114,223,280,364,374,389,398,561],"entrance":[116,226],"tests":[117,227],"(such":[118],"as":[119,205],"Assessment":[122,231],"SAT":[125],"I)":[126],"predict,":[128],"formally":[129],"or":[130,412,554,593],"informally,":[131],"applicant's":[133],"probability":[134],"academic":[136],"first":[140],"year":[141],"(Breland":[144],"et":[145],"al.":[146],"2002).":[147],"Academic":[148],"is":[150,516],"measured":[152],"by":[153],"GPA.":[156,277,293,401,510,539],"However,":[157],"with":[158,489,612],"changes":[159],"policies":[162,181],"Texas,":[164],"Florida,":[165],"California,":[166],"Washington,":[168],"legal":[170],"challenges":[171],"racial/ethnic":[173],"preferences,":[174],"many":[175],"institutions":[176,431],"are":[177,253,368,392,567],"reexamining":[178],"their":[179,587],"Hebel":[183],"2003;":[184],"Selingo":[185],"2003).":[186],"Although":[187],"measure":[195,233],"educational":[196,234],"achievement,":[197],"they":[198],"also":[199],"include":[200],"other":[201,282],"personal":[202],"characteristics":[203],"such":[204,616],"effort,":[206],"attendance,":[207],"conformity,":[208],"motivation":[210],"(Goldman":[211],"Widawski":[213,326],"1976;":[214],"Stiggins,":[215],"Frisbie,":[216],"Griswold":[218],"1989).":[219],"In":[220,556],"curriculum-based":[224],"like":[228],"primarily":[232,286],"achievement":[235,339,531],"college-preparatory":[237],"courses":[238],"(ACT":[239],"1997c).":[240],"One":[241,348],"might":[242,349],"therefore":[243,350],"expect":[244,351],"that":[245,302,329,378,438],"related":[254,309],"but":[258,377],"ways:":[261],"likely":[265,335,343],"relates":[266],"cognitive":[270,289,338],"noncognitive":[273,346],"components":[274,290,304],"scores,":[279,376,589],"hand,":[283],"directly":[284],"relate":[285],"Goldman's":[294],"others'":[296],"research":[297,403],"1970S":[300],"found":[301,328],"non-achievement":[303],"grades":[307,332,477],"student":[311],"ability":[312],"Goldman":[314,324],"Hewitt":[316],"1975;":[317],"Goldman,":[318],"Schmidt,":[319],"Hewitt,":[320],"Fisher":[322],"1974;":[323],"1976).They":[327],"reflect":[337,345],"less":[342],"factors.":[347],"that:":[352],"*":[353],"Predictions":[354],"2.00)":[362],"based":[363,373,388,397,560],"*Predictions":[379],"3.00)":[387],"The":[402,466,511,540],"comparing":[404],"has":[416],"largely":[417],"been":[418],"correlational":[419],"nature":[421],"1998b).":[424],"For":[425],"example,":[426],"recent":[427],"summary":[428],"statistics":[429,598],"participating":[432],"ACT'S":[434],"Research":[435],"Services":[436],"showed":[437],"across":[439],"129":[440],"colleges,":[441],"median":[443],"multiple":[444,487],"correlation":[445,468,488],"(across":[446],"institutions)":[447],"between":[448,469],"four":[453,473],"(in":[456],"English,":[457],"mathematics,":[458],"reading,":[459],"science)":[461],"0.43":[463],"(Maxey,":[464],"forthcoming).":[465],"correspondingmedian":[467],"average":[476,486],"0.48.The":[479],"eight-predictor":[480],"score/":[482],"grade":[485],"0.53.":[493],"Correlations,":[494],"however,":[495],"pertain":[496],"entire":[499],"range":[500],"particular":[507],"purpose":[512],"this":[514],"compare":[518],"accuracy":[520],"Composite":[527],"successively":[533],"considered":[542],"GPAS":[545,576],"2.00,":[547],"2.50,":[548],"3.00,":[549],"3.25,":[550],"3.50,":[551],"higher.":[555],"practice,":[557],"prediction":[558],"equations":[559],"data":[562,603],"one":[564,601],"freshman":[565],"class":[566],"applied":[568],"test":[571,588],"and/or":[573],"future":[578],"applicants.":[579],"Because":[580],"students":[581],"may":[582,604],"differ":[583],"over":[584],"time":[585],"GPAS,":[592],"grades,":[595],"predictive":[596],"validity":[597],"developed":[599],"year's":[602],"misstate":[605],"strength":[607],"relationship":[610],"associated":[611],"actual":[613],"predictions.":[617],"\u2026":[618]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
