{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345918864","doi":null,"title":"Evolutionary discovery of learning rules for feedforward neural networks with step activation function","display_name":"Evolutionary discovery of learning rules for feedforward neural networks with step activation function","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-07-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345918864","mag":"2345918864"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.46","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.46","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poli/papers/Radi-GECCO1999.pdf","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102926942","display_name":"Amr Radi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-3445","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-3445"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amr Radi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7857-3445","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101670626","display_name":"Riccardo Poli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-0780","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-0780"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I79619799","display_name":"University of Birmingham","ror":"https://ror.org/03angcq70","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Riccardo Poli","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4612-0780","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, The University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I79619799"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.65258182,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1178","last_page":"1183"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9785000085830688,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.020400000736117363,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feedforward-neural-networks","display_name":"feedforward neural networks","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-rules","display_name":"learning rules","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genetic-programming","display_name":"genetic programming","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supervised-learning","display_name":"supervised learning","score":0.7839999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-mapping","display_name":"nonlinear mapping","score":0.5509999990463257}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.7424957752227783},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38365724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677469","display_name":"Activation function","level":3,"score":0.7319488525390625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7163158655166626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47702885","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5441227","display_name":"Feedforward neural network","level":3,"score":0.6957098245620728},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6391254663467407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110332635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q629498","display_name":"Genetic programming","level":2,"score":0.6359478235244751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177973122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7860946","display_name":"Types of artificial neural networks","level":4,"score":0.6097760796546936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.5013370513916016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.47026950120925903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175202392","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2434543","display_name":"Time delay neural network","level":3,"score":0.4519301950931549},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147168706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1457734","display_name":"Recurrent neural network","level":3,"score":0.44818592071533203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199190896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3509276","display_name":"Learning classifier system","level":3,"score":0.41890305280685425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.15.46","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.15.46","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://cswww.essex.ac.uk/staff/poli/papers/Radi-GECCO1999.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.216.2770","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.216.2770","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~wbl/biblio/gecco1999/GP-428.attempt2.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.36.9689","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.36.9689","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.bham.ac.uk/~rmp/papers/Radi-GECCO1999.ps.gz","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"mag:2345918864","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=2934046.2934080","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608932","display_name":"Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference (GECCO)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W44465109","https://openalex.org/W1497256448","https://openalex.org/W1542136219","https://openalex.org/W1549134978","https://openalex.org/W1576818901","https://openalex.org/W1577932924","https://openalex.org/W1607307504","https://openalex.org/W1608057971","https://openalex.org/W1845583827","https://openalex.org/W1879953158","https://openalex.org/W1988539111","https://openalex.org/W1995341919","https://openalex.org/W2022740958","https://openalex.org/W2036713095","https://openalex.org/W2040870580","https://openalex.org/W2100095382","https://openalex.org/W2124270185","https://openalex.org/W2124776405","https://openalex.org/W2128084896","https://openalex.org/W2133924951"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6999868732","https://openalex.org/W1516060742","https://openalex.org/W180362357","https://openalex.org/W2121335607","https://openalex.org/W7099971694","https://openalex.org/W7099903521","https://openalex.org/W1845583827","https://openalex.org/W1549134978","https://openalex.org/W2139935365","https://openalex.org/W2984757343"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0],"networks":[1,46,86,103],"with":[2,47],"step":[3,48],"activation":[4,49],"function":[5],"can":[6,43],"be":[7],"very":[8],"efficient":[9],"ways":[10],"of":[11,26,101,111,135],"performing":[12],"non":[13],"linear":[14],"mappings.":[15],"However,":[16],"no":[17],"standard":[18,130],"learning":[19,40,56,72,112,123,141],"algorithm":[20,57,92,124,131],"exists":[21],"for":[22,98,132],"training":[23,100,134],"this":[24,30],"kind":[25],"neural":[27,45,85],"networks.":[28],"In":[29],"work":[31],"we":[32],"use":[33],"Genetic":[34],"Programming":[35],"(GP)":[36],"to":[37,52,65,82,108],"discover":[38],"supervised":[39],"algorithms":[41,73,142],"which":[42,61,104,139],"train":[44,83],"function.":[50],"Thanks":[51],"GP,":[53],"a":[54,94,109],"new":[55],"has":[58,62,105,125],"been":[59,63,106],"discovered":[60],"shown":[64],"provide":[66],"good":[67],"performance.":[68],"1":[69],"INTRODUCTION":[70],"Supervised":[71],"are":[74,143],"by":[75],"far":[76],"the":[77,99,129,133],"most":[78],"frequently":[79],"used":[80],"methods":[81],"artificial":[84],"[4].":[87],"The":[88,121],"Standard":[89],"BackPropagation":[90],"(SBP)":[91],"represents":[93],"computationally":[95],"effective":[96],"method":[97],"multilayer":[102,136],"applied":[107],"number":[110],"tasks":[113],"in":[114],"science,":[115],"engineering,":[116],"finance":[117],"and":[118],"other":[119,140],"disciplines.":[120],"SBP":[122],"indeed":[126],"emerged":[127],"as":[128],"networks,":[137],"against":[138],"oft...":[144]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
