{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345566646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","title":"Factors Associated with Initiation of Zidovudine in a Cohort of Injection Drug Users","display_name":"Factors Associated with Initiation of Zidovudine in a Cohort of Injection Drug Users","publication_year":1995,"publication_date":"1995-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345566646","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","mag":"2345566646"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/002204269502500115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57770130","display_name":"Journal of Drug Issues","issn_l":"0022-0426","issn":["0022-0426","1945-1369"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113697442","display_name":"Liza Solomon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liza Solomon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070343534","display_name":"David Vlahov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-8068","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-8068"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Vlahov","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111572566","display_name":"Jacqueline A. Astemborski","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jacqueline Astemborski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069603059","display_name":"Noya Galai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-9492","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-9492"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Noya Galai","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077395512","display_name":"Neil M.H. Graham","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-2311","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1236-2311"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","display_name":"Johns Hopkins University","ror":"https://ror.org/00za53h95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Neil M.H. Graham","raw_affiliation_strings":["Johns Hopkins University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Johns Hopkins University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108098920","display_name":"Kenrad E. Nelson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenrad E. Nelson","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7569,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90162055,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"25","issue":"1","first_page":"225","last_page":"233"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.6333000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11860","display_name":"HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk","score":0.6333000063896179,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2713","display_name":"Epidemiology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.3555000126361847,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10526","display_name":"HIV/AIDS drug development and treatment","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zidovudine","display_name":"zidovudine","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-infection","display_name":"HIV infection","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/people-who-inject-drugs","display_name":"people who inject drugs","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antiretroviral-therapy-initiation","display_name":"antiretroviral therapy initiation","score":0.8970000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cd4-count","display_name":"CD4 count","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hiv-related-symptoms","display_name":"HIV-related symptoms","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/children-in-the-household","display_name":"children in households","score":0.5740000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hospitalization","display_name":"hospitalization","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outpatient-visits","display_name":"outpatient visits","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-utilization","display_name":"treatment utilization","score":0.47699999809265137}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780216070","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198504","display_name":"Zidovudine","level":4,"score":0.9194326400756836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7537364959716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5988039374351501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3013748606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15787","display_name":"Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)","level":2,"score":0.5420729517936707},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201903717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1778788","display_name":"Cohort study","level":2,"score":0.45113569498062134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4385654032230377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.2868742346763611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159047783","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7215","display_name":"Virology","level":1,"score":0.23521199822425842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780727368","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1928978","display_name":"Viral disease","level":3,"score":0.17649659514427185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.1535864770412445}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/002204269502500115","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/002204269502500115","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S57770130","display_name":"Journal of Drug Issues","issn_l":"0022-0426","issn":["0022-0426","1945-1369"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-d","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Issues","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8700000047683716,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332505","display_name":"U.S. Public Health Service","ror":"https://ror.org/05xf94514"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1973140195","https://openalex.org/W1993064155","https://openalex.org/W1993382722","https://openalex.org/W2009226722","https://openalex.org/W2073639021","https://openalex.org/W2073846554","https://openalex.org/W2085832950","https://openalex.org/W2102696271","https://openalex.org/W2105274862","https://openalex.org/W2116712233","https://openalex.org/W2125576430","https://openalex.org/W2145135269","https://openalex.org/W2156502258","https://openalex.org/W2333399282","https://openalex.org/W2337820820","https://openalex.org/W2338094404","https://openalex.org/W2340412354","https://openalex.org/W2343512401","https://openalex.org/W2561332706","https://openalex.org/W4247992363"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2410416692","https://openalex.org/W1992281208","https://openalex.org/W2963364109","https://openalex.org/W1992378343","https://openalex.org/W2314468527","https://openalex.org/W2992270367","https://openalex.org/W2079694379","https://openalex.org/W2414645832","https://openalex.org/W1985877825","https://openalex.org/W2317570244"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0],"estimate":[1],"the":[2,124,130],"prevalence":[3],"of":[4,26,50,62,76,152],"zidovudine":[5],"(ZVD)":[6],"use":[7,104],"among":[8,154],"human":[9],"immunodeficiency":[10],"virus":[11],"(HIV)":[12],"seropositive":[13],"injection":[14],"drug":[15],"users":[16],"(IDU),":[17],"and":[18,67],"to":[19,55,134],"identify":[20],"predisposing":[21],"factors":[22],"that":[23,150],"predicted":[24],"initiation":[25],"ZVD":[27,90,95,103,153],"use.":[28],"Participants":[29],"from":[30],"an":[31],"ongoing":[32],"prospective":[33],"cohort":[34],"study":[35,148],"who":[36],"met":[37,85],"Public":[38],"Health":[39],"Service":[40],"(PHS)":[41],"criteria":[42,83],"for":[43,86,89,136],"zidovudine,":[44],"with":[45,102],"a":[46,59,120],"CD4":[47,60,106],"cell":[48,78,107],"count":[49,61],"less":[51,109],"than":[52,110],"\u2264200/\u03bcL":[53],"prior":[54,133],"December":[56],"1990":[57,66],"or":[58,114,142],"\u2264500\u03bcL,":[63],"after":[64,74],"December,":[65],"had":[68],"at":[69,96],"least":[70],"one":[71],"clinic":[72],"visit":[73,140],"determination":[75],"these":[77],"counts":[79,108],"were":[80],"included.":[81],"Eligibility":[82],"was":[84],"412":[87],"individuals":[88],"use;":[91],"173":[92],"(42%":[93],"used":[94],"any":[97,138,143],"period.":[98],"Variables":[99],"significantly":[100],"associated":[101],"included":[105],"\u2264200\u03bcL":[111],"(OR=3.30);":[112],"two":[113],"more":[115],"HIV":[116],"related":[117],"symptoms":[118],"(OR=2.07);":[119],"child":[121],"living":[122],"in":[123,129],"participants":[125],"home":[126],"(OR=1.59),":[127],"and,":[128],"six":[131],"months":[132],"eligibility":[135],"ZVD,":[137],"outpatient":[139],"(OR=2.28)":[141],"inpatient":[144],"admission":[145],"(OR=1.85).":[146],"This":[147],"suggests":[149],"utilization":[151],"IDUs":[155],"remains":[156],"low.":[157]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
