{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2345022704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","title":"Synergy made simple: What does it mean and how valid are claims for synergy between antitumor agents?","display_name":"Synergy made simple: What does it mean and how valid are claims for synergy between antitumor agents?","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-05-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2345022704","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","mag":"2345022704"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15137598","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","issn_l":"0732-183X","issn":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074810713","display_name":"Alberto Oca\u00f1a","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-9630","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1067-9630","https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2974-5662"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Ocana","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"C. Yeung","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Yeung","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108574601","display_name":"Ian F. Tannock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-7041","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2636-7041"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"I. Tannock","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"28","issue":"15_suppl","first_page":"6082","last_page":"6082"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11235","display_name":"Statistical Methods in Clinical Trials","score":0.6161999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2613","display_name":"Statistics and Probability"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/26","display_name":"Mathematics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10206","display_name":"Meta-analysis and systematic reviews","score":0.048500001430511475,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12281","display_name":"Animal testing and alternatives","score":0.04780000075697899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3404","display_name":"Small Animals"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/34","display_name":"Veterinary"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-synergy","display_name":"drug synergy","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-agents","display_name":"anticancer agents","score":0.8320000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combination-therapy","display_name":"combination therapy","score":0.8679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clinical-trial-design","display_name":"clinical trial design","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isobologram-analysis","display_name":"isobolographic analysis","score":0.9800000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/median-effect-analysis","display_name":"median effect analysis","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cell-line-models","display_name":"cell line models","score":0.7609999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-models","display_name":"animal models","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-tolerated-dose","display_name":"maximum tolerated dose","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anticancer-drug-combination","display_name":"anticancer drug combination","score":0.40799999237060547}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.860519289970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.6693869829177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780035454","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8386","display_name":"Drug","level":2,"score":0.4788094162940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31760486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7180990","display_name":"Phases of clinical research","level":3,"score":0.46519529819488525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779473830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540899","display_name":"MEDLINE","level":2,"score":0.42436912655830383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148482608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17007018","display_name":"Clinical study design","level":3,"score":0.4175221920013428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143998085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162555","display_name":"Oncology","level":1,"score":0.4034217894077301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.39400196075439453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.3376668691635132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.28795158863067627},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1200/jco.2010.28.15_suppl.6082","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S15137598","display_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","issn_l":"0732-183X","issn":["0732-183X","1527-7755"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Clinical Oncology","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9763000011444092,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2161756110","https://openalex.org/W7158810587","https://openalex.org/W4405181739","https://openalex.org/W7097290949","https://openalex.org/W2160916608","https://openalex.org/W1981972669","https://openalex.org/W2972783946","https://openalex.org/W2068166817","https://openalex.org/W7054527604","https://openalex.org/W4280589597"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"6082":[0],"Background:":[1],"Clinical":[2,197],"trials":[3,46,162,287],"evaluating":[4],"drug":[5,33,63,106,308],"combinations":[6,34],"are":[7,15],"often":[8],"stimulated":[9],"by":[10,180,189,224],"claims":[11,119],"that":[12,47,96],"the":[13,24,49,54,70,76,105,112,134,156,181,211,347],"agents":[14],"synergistic":[16],"in":[17,100,152,183,192,201,208,216,228,252,284,296,319],"preclinical":[18,55,101,114,148,217,321],"models.":[19,238],"Overuse":[20],"or":[21,248],"misuse":[22],"of":[23,31,44,61,78,155,237,305,314,333,346],"term":[25,50],"synergy":[26,99,121,243,279,315,342],"could":[27],"lead":[28],"to":[29,36,58,83,98,103,116,132,241,266,277,302,337,354],"evaluation":[30,60,304,313],"nonrational":[32],"and":[35,52,73,80,90,126,136,146,167,280,299,343],"poorly-designed":[37],"clinical":[38,45,141,157,348],"studies.":[39,205,349],"Here":[40],"we":[41],"identified":[42,200,271],"reports":[43],"contained":[48],"\u201csynergy\u201d":[51],"reviewed":[53,67,111],"data":[56],"used":[57,131,215,234,251,261,318],"justify":[59,104,303],"a":[62,235,267,306,325,328,339],"combination.":[64,309],"Methods:":[65],"We":[66,109],"MEDLINE":[68],"using":[69,273],"terms":[71],"\u201csynergy":[72],"cancer\u201d":[74],"with":[75],"limits":[77],"\u201chuman\u201d":[79],"\u201cclinical":[81],"trials\u201d":[82],"select":[84],"96":[85],"articles":[86,142,149,254,258],"published":[87],"between":[88,272,331],"2003":[89],"2009.":[91],"Eligible":[92],"studies":[93,102,115,158,172,218,226,301],"were":[94,122,130,150,159,169,177,250],"those":[95],"referred":[97],"combination":[107,236],"evaluated.":[108],"then":[110],"cited":[113,151,295],"evaluate":[117,242,278],"whether":[118],"for":[120,312,341],"justified.":[123],"Descriptive":[124],"statistics":[125],"Fisher's":[127],"exact":[128],"test":[129],"summarize":[133],"characteristics":[135],"possible":[137],"associations.":[138],"Results:":[139],"Thirty-four":[140],"met":[143],"eligibility":[144],"criteria":[145],"57":[147],"them.":[153],"Most":[154],"phase":[160,170,203,285,297],"I":[161,298],"(n":[163,185,194,230],"=":[164,186,195,221,231,289],"18;":[165],"53%)":[166],"15":[168],"II":[171,204,286,300],"(44%).":[173],"The":[174],"primary":[175],"endpoints":[176],"toxicity":[178],"evaluated":[179],"MTD":[182],"53%":[184],"18)":[187],"followed":[188,223],"response":[190],"rate":[191],"32%":[193],"11).":[196],"activity":[198],"was":[199,270,324],"8":[202],"Cell":[206],"lines":[207],"culture":[209],"provided":[210],"most":[212,320],"frequent":[213],"model":[214],"(53%;":[219],"n":[220],"30),":[222],"animal":[225],"alone":[227],"26%":[229],"15);":[232],"others":[233],"Appropriate":[239],"methods":[240,311],"(isobologram":[244],"analysis,":[245],"median":[246],"effect":[247],"both)":[249],"18":[253],"(32%)":[255],"but":[256],"39":[257],"did":[259],"not":[260],"these":[262],"methods.":[263],"A":[264],"trend":[265,326],"positive":[268,281,329,344],"association":[269,330],"an":[274,334],"appropriate":[275,335],"method":[276,336],"results":[282,345],"observed":[283],"(p":[288],"0.07).":[290],"Conclusions:":[291],"Synergy":[292],"is":[293],"frequently":[294],"specific":[307],"Inappropriate":[310],"have":[316],"been":[317],"articles.":[322],"There":[323],"toward":[327],"use":[332],"support":[338],"claim":[340],"No":[350],"significant":[351],"financial":[352],"relationships":[353],"disclose.":[355]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}