{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2343388511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.06772","title":"Second order differential realization of the Bargmann-Wigner framework for particles of any spin","display_name":"Second order differential realization of the Bargmann-Wigner framework for particles of any spin","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-04-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2343388511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.06772","mag":"2343388511"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1604.06772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.06772","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06772","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073538977","display_name":"V\u00edctor Miguel Banda Guzm\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-5905","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7508-5905"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guzman, V. M. Banda","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089878743","display_name":"M. Kirchbach","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-3296","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4264-3296"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kirchbach, M.","raw_affiliation_strings":[", University Campus , San Luis Potosi , S.L.P. 78290 , Mexico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":", University Campus , San Luis Potosi , S.L.P. 78290 , Mexico","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11683","display_name":"Quantum and Classical Electrodynamics","score":0.7050999999046326,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11960","display_name":"Relativity and Gravitational Theory","score":0.15649999678134918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.05130000039935112,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/second-order-differential-equations","display_name":"second-order differential equations","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/klein-gordon-equation","display_name":"Klein-Gordon equation","score":0.7850000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lagrangian-formulation","display_name":"Lagrangian formulation","score":0.5130000114440918}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43506125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604907","display_name":"Spinor","level":2,"score":0.7879041433334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5513982176780701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156785651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q688945","display_name":"Dirac spinor","level":4,"score":0.5465438961982727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.5395028591156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42704618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q910917","display_name":"Spin (aerodynamics)","level":2,"score":0.528016984462738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9136319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q362640","display_name":"Covariant transformation","level":2,"score":0.49507036805152893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182306322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1779371","display_name":"Order (exchange)","level":2,"score":0.4834652543067932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5667645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q217255","display_name":"Lorentz transformation","level":2,"score":0.4774939715862274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48517760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087251","display_name":"Bispinor","level":5,"score":0.4550011456012726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C208081375","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274502","display_name":"Degrees of freedom (physics and chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.42975959181785583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61039578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q604279","display_name":"Dirac (video compression format)","level":3,"score":0.42308345437049866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776865275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q311666","display_name":"Projector","level":2,"score":0.41584768891334534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82601208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272621","display_name":"Dirac equation","level":2,"score":0.40000298619270325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.36043936014175415},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149545384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5280160","display_name":"Dirac algebra","level":3,"score":0.33352336287498474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71993908","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1093427","display_name":"Lorentz covariance","level":3,"score":0.217905193567276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186453547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2126","display_name":"Neutrino","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62583473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q260060","display_name":"CPT symmetry","level":4,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1604.06772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.06772","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.1604.06772","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.06772","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.06772","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Preprint"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:1604.06772","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/1604.06772","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/1604.06772","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343388511.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2343388511.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W593755409","https://openalex.org/W1986318160","https://openalex.org/W2118629944","https://openalex.org/W2190616405","https://openalex.org/W3105004561"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2511405797","https://openalex.org/W1845422526","https://openalex.org/W2073797286","https://openalex.org/W1652959949","https://openalex.org/W3118016769","https://openalex.org/W2032794592","https://openalex.org/W2157779671","https://openalex.org/W7067546754","https://openalex.org/W324326371","https://openalex.org/W2076269284"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,40,87,232,248],"Bargmann-Wigner":[1],"(BW)":[2],"framework":[3],"describes":[4],"particles":[5],"of":[6,10,13,22,43,45,59,81,85,91,146,151,171,183,187,196,200,209,213],"spin-j":[7,104],"in":[8,96,174,218],"terms":[9],"Dirac":[11,24,66],"spinors":[12,30,73],"rank":[14],"2j,":[15],"obtained":[16],"as":[17,125],"the":[18,46,55,60,65,78,92,97,102,133,148,152,157,166,175,184,188,210,214,226,230,239,245],"local":[19],"direct":[20,57],"product":[21,58],"n":[23],"spinor":[25,67],"copies,":[26],"with":[27,77],"n=2j.":[28],"Such":[29],"are":[31,48,101],"reducible,":[32],"and":[33,99,107,119,129,221,229],"contain":[34],"also":[35],"(j,0)+(0,j)-pure":[36],"spin":[37,198],"representation":[38],"spaces.":[39],"2(2j+1)":[41,82],"degrees":[42,84,199],"freedom":[44],"latter":[47],"identified":[49],"by":[50,54,156,169,237],"a":[51,144,252],"projector":[52,63,89,168,203],"given":[53],"n-fold":[56],"covariant":[61],"parity":[62],"within":[64],"space.":[68],"Considering":[69],"totally":[70],"symmetric":[71],"tensor":[72],"one":[74,170,182,205],"is":[75,90,234],"left":[76],"expected":[79],"number":[80],"independent":[83],"freedom.":[86,201],"BW":[88,153,167],"order":[93,111,136,150,173],"$\\partial":[94],"^{2j}$":[95],"derivatives,":[98],"so":[100,163],"related":[103],"wave":[105,154],"equations":[106,113,155],"associated":[108],"Lagrangians.":[109],"High":[110],"differential":[112],"can":[114],"not":[115],"be":[116],"consistently":[117],"gauged,":[118],"allow":[120],"several":[121],"unphysical":[122],"aspects,":[123],"such":[124],"non-locality,":[126],"acausality,":[127],"ghosts":[128],"etc":[130],"to":[131,137,206,225,243],"enter":[132],"theory.":[134],"In":[135],"avoid":[138],"these":[139],"difficulties":[140],"we":[141,164],"here":[142],"suggest":[143],"strategy":[145],"replacing":[147],"high":[149],"universal":[158],"second":[159],"order.":[160],"To":[161],"do":[162],"replaced":[165],"zeroth":[172],"derivatives.":[176],"We":[177],"built":[178],"it":[179],"up":[180],"from":[181],"Casimir":[185],"invariants":[186],"Lorentz":[189],"group":[190],"when":[191],"exclusively":[192],"acting":[193],"on":[194],"spaces":[195],"internal":[197],"This":[202],"allows":[204,250],"identify":[207],"anyone":[208],"irreducible":[211],"sectors":[212],"primordial":[215],"rank-2j":[216],"spinor,":[217],"particular":[219],"(j,0)+(0,j),":[220],"without":[222],"any":[223],"reference":[224],"external":[227],"space-time":[228],"four-momentum.":[231],"dynamics":[233],"then":[235],"introduced":[236],"requiring":[238],"(j,0)+":[240],"(0,j)":[241],"sector":[242],"satisfy":[244],"Klein-Gordon":[246],"equation.":[247],"scheme":[249],"for":[251],"consistent":[253],"minimal":[254],"gauging.":[255]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}