{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2341445895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","title":"Barriers to Business Start-up among Tanzanian University Graduates: Evidence from the University of Dar-es-salaam","display_name":"Barriers to Business Start-up among Tanzanian University Graduates: Evidence from the University of Dar-es-salaam","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2341445895","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","mag":"2341445895"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1177/0972150915610667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S967494592","display_name":"Global Business Review","issn_l":"0972-1509","issn":["0972-1509","0973-0664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024855374","display_name":"Mangasini Atanasi Katundu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-9273","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2087-9273"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131787984","display_name":"Moshi Co-operative University","ror":"https://ror.org/03kndyq24","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mangasini Atanasi Katundu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community and Rural Development, Moshi Co-operative University (MoCU), Moshi, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community and Rural Development, Moshi Co-operative University (MoCU), Moshi, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080491115","display_name":"Damian Mulokozi Gabagambi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I84641585","display_name":"Sokoine University of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/00jdryp44","country_code":"TZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}],"countries":["TZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Damian Mulokozi Gabagambi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness Sokoine University of Agriculture, Morogoro, Tanzania","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I84641585"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5024855374"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131787984"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8815,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92903557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":"1","first_page":"16","last_page":"37"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13872","display_name":"Vocational and Entrepreneurial Education","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11779","display_name":"Higher Education and Employability","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business-start-up-barriers","display_name":"business start-up barriers","score":0.7900000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-graduates","display_name":"university graduates","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-education","display_name":"entrepreneurship education","score":0.9900000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship-curriculum","display_name":"entrepreneurship curriculum","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/teaching-methods","display_name":"teaching methods","score":0.6060000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/family-commitment","display_name":"family commitment","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bureaucracy","display_name":"bureaucracy","score":0.8169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tanzania","display_name":"Tanzania","score":0.5130000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/university-of-dar-es-salaam","display_name":"University of Dar es Salaam","score":0.8989999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.710172712802887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71104824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476639","display_name":"Structural equation modeling","level":2,"score":0.6196650266647339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779356329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922625","display_name":"Checklist","level":2,"score":0.5520159602165222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47177190","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207137","display_name":"Curriculum","level":2,"score":0.5346760749816895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107806365","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q253567","display_name":"Apprenticeship","level":2,"score":0.485621839761734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.48161834478378296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4728325307369232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380344","display_name":"Descriptive statistics","level":2,"score":0.46213239431381226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.4607352614402771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019135560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1960","display_name":"Dar es salaam","level":3,"score":0.42870351672172546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40722632","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5160137","display_name":"Confirmatory factor analysis","level":3,"score":0.4249733090400696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779357621","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q655495","display_name":"Tanzania","level":2,"score":0.3621305823326111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.26987361907958984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.26373326778411865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.20486554503440857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.15904423594474792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13893255591392517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45355965","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1643441","display_name":"Socioeconomics","level":1,"score":0.11624202132225037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.10540103912353516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.10443374514579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.08736887574195862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1177/0972150915610667","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1177/0972150915610667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S967494592","display_name":"Global Business Review","issn_l":"0972-1509","issn":["0972-1509","0973-0664"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Global Business Review","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:sae:globus:v:17:y:2016:i:1:p:16-37","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0972150915610667","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.9211000204086304}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.7200000286102295}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W5978360","https://openalex.org/W61059357","https://openalex.org/W425113818","https://openalex.org/W593861970","https://openalex.org/W628057641","https://openalex.org/W1509614182","https://openalex.org/W1582290513","https://openalex.org/W1783022581","https://openalex.org/W1965418792","https://openalex.org/W1975713947","https://openalex.org/W1981693075","https://openalex.org/W1988776367","https://openalex.org/W1989093408","https://openalex.org/W1989131699","https://openalex.org/W1992616122","https://openalex.org/W1993528649","https://openalex.org/W1993715532","https://openalex.org/W2012091823","https://openalex.org/W2015420993","https://openalex.org/W2016559335","https://openalex.org/W2021766016","https://openalex.org/W2036875712","https://openalex.org/W2037603304","https://openalex.org/W2050226767","https://openalex.org/W2055254663","https://openalex.org/W2064915402","https://openalex.org/W2088010990","https://openalex.org/W2088483555","https://openalex.org/W2093926401","https://openalex.org/W2094283426","https://openalex.org/W2099697766","https://openalex.org/W2101536204","https://openalex.org/W2109678309","https://openalex.org/W2130689257","https://openalex.org/W2159213242","https://openalex.org/W2181755996","https://openalex.org/W2187687954","https://openalex.org/W2313104247","https://openalex.org/W2499282363","https://openalex.org/W2563910329","https://openalex.org/W2594175775","https://openalex.org/W2612167855","https://openalex.org/W2622407201","https://openalex.org/W2979574099","https://openalex.org/W3121454677","https://openalex.org/W4200372765","https://openalex.org/W4231176676"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4287578012","https://openalex.org/W4406241702","https://openalex.org/W7221873156","https://openalex.org/W4316036827","https://openalex.org/W7163986575","https://openalex.org/W4410716166","https://openalex.org/W4415853719","https://openalex.org/W1993528649","https://openalex.org/W2522288098","https://openalex.org/W4234803941"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"assesses":[2],"barriers":[3,153],"to":[4,80,125,179,184],"business":[5,108,127,182,189],"start-ups":[6],"among":[7],"university":[8,113],"graduates":[9,29,83,138,146],"by":[10,157],"drawing":[11],"evidence":[12],"from":[13,154],"the":[14,50,68,112,136,140,188],"University":[15],"of":[16,63,107],"Dar-es-salaam.":[17],"A":[18],"cross-sectional":[19],"research":[20],"design":[21],"was":[22,35,59,78,100,130,143],"used":[23,79],"with":[24],"a":[25,38],"sample":[26],"comprising":[27],"308":[28],"and":[30,41,46,67,89,119,186],"10":[31],"key":[32,42],"informants.":[33],"Data":[34],"collected":[36],"using":[37,49,61],"structured":[39],"questionnaire":[40],"informant":[43],"interview":[44],"checklist":[45],"were":[47,162],"analysed":[48],"Structural":[51],"Equation":[52],"Modeling":[53],"(SEM)":[54],"whereby":[55],"confirmatory":[56],"factor":[57],"analysis":[58],"performed":[60],"Analysis":[62],"Moment":[64],"Structures":[65],"(AMOS)":[66],"Statistical":[69],"Package":[70],"for":[71],"Social":[72],"Sciences":[73],"(SPSS)":[74],"software.":[75],"Pearson\u2019s":[76],"chi-square":[77],"test":[81],"whether":[82],"who":[84,91,147],"had":[85,92,122],"not":[86],"studied":[87,93,148],"entrepreneurship":[88,94,133,149],"those":[90,155],"reported":[95,150,156],"different":[96,151],"start-up":[97,152],"barriers.":[98],"It":[99,129],"found":[101],"that":[102,132,145],"inappropriate":[103],"teaching":[104],"methods,":[105],"lack":[106],"experience,":[109],"deficiencies":[110],"in":[111,177],"programmes,":[114],"commitments":[115],"on":[116,196],"extended":[117],"families":[118],"bureaucratic":[120],"tendencies":[121],"greater":[123],"contribution":[124],"hindering":[126],"start-ups.":[128],"concluded":[131],"study":[134],"influenced":[135],"way":[137],"perceived":[139],"barriers;":[141],"it":[142],"observed":[144],"their":[158],"counterparts.":[159],"The":[160],"results":[161],"statistically":[163],"significant":[164],"at":[165],"p-value":[166],"<":[167],"0.05.":[168],"Higher":[169],"learning":[170],"institutions":[171],"should":[172],"adopt":[173],"competent":[174],"based":[175],"curricula":[176],"order":[178],"impart":[180],"necessary":[181],"skills":[183],"students":[185,193],"use":[187],"apprenticeship":[190],"approach":[191],"while":[192],"are":[194],"still":[195],"studies.":[197]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}